Evaluation of Olive Mill Waste Compost as a Sustainable Alternative to Conventional Fertilizers in Wheat Cultivation

This study evaluates the agronomic and environmental performance of pelletized compost derived from olive mill waste as a sustainable alternative to mineral fertilizers for cultivating wheat (<i>Triticum turgidum</i> L.) under conventional tillage methods. A field experiment was conducte...

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Main Authors: Ana García-Rández, Silvia Sánchez Méndez, Luciano Orden, Francisco Javier Andreu-Rodríguez, Miguel Ángel Mira-Urios, José A. Sáez-Tovar, Encarnación Martínez-Sabater, María Ángeles Bustamante, María Dolores Pérez-Murcia, Raúl Moral
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Agriculture
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/14/1543
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author Ana García-Rández
Silvia Sánchez Méndez
Luciano Orden
Francisco Javier Andreu-Rodríguez
Miguel Ángel Mira-Urios
José A. Sáez-Tovar
Encarnación Martínez-Sabater
María Ángeles Bustamante
María Dolores Pérez-Murcia
Raúl Moral
author_facet Ana García-Rández
Silvia Sánchez Méndez
Luciano Orden
Francisco Javier Andreu-Rodríguez
Miguel Ángel Mira-Urios
José A. Sáez-Tovar
Encarnación Martínez-Sabater
María Ángeles Bustamante
María Dolores Pérez-Murcia
Raúl Moral
author_sort Ana García-Rández
collection DOAJ
description This study evaluates the agronomic and environmental performance of pelletized compost derived from olive mill waste as a sustainable alternative to mineral fertilizers for cultivating wheat (<i>Triticum turgidum</i> L.) under conventional tillage methods. A field experiment was conducted in semi-arid Spain, employing three fertilization strategies: inorganic (MAP + Urea), sewage sludge (SS), and organic compost pellets (OCP), each providing 150 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>. The parameters analyzed included wheat yield, grain quality, soil properties, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Inorganic fertilization yielded the highest productivity and nutrient uptake. However, the OCP treatment reduced grain yield by only 15%, while improving soil microbial activity and enzymatic responses. The SS and OCP treatments showed increased CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions compared to the control and inorganic plots. However, the OCP treatment also acted as a CH<sub>4</sub> sink. Nutrient use efficiency was greatest under mineral fertilization, though the OCP treatment outperformed the SS treatment. These results highlight the potential of OCP as a circular bio-based fertilizer that can enhance soil function and partially replace mineral inputs. Optimizing application timing is critical to aligning nutrient release with crop demand. Further long-term trials are necessary to evaluate their impact on the soil and improve environmental outcomes.
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spelling doaj-art-9567ffe5f47b41f99ddc93442891c7052025-08-20T03:55:49ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722025-07-011514154310.3390/agriculture15141543Evaluation of Olive Mill Waste Compost as a Sustainable Alternative to Conventional Fertilizers in Wheat CultivationAna García-Rández0Silvia Sánchez Méndez1Luciano Orden2Francisco Javier Andreu-Rodríguez3Miguel Ángel Mira-Urios4José A. Sáez-Tovar5Encarnación Martínez-Sabater6María Ángeles Bustamante7María Dolores Pérez-Murcia8Raúl Moral9Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Carretera de Beniel Km 3.2, Orihuela, 03312 Alicante, SpainCentro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Carretera de Beniel Km 3.2, Orihuela, 03312 Alicante, SpainCentro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Carretera de Beniel Km 3.2, Orihuela, 03312 Alicante, SpainCentro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Carretera de Beniel Km 3.2, Orihuela, 03312 Alicante, SpainCentro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Carretera de Beniel Km 3.2, Orihuela, 03312 Alicante, SpainCentro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Carretera de Beniel Km 3.2, Orihuela, 03312 Alicante, SpainCentro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Carretera de Beniel Km 3.2, Orihuela, 03312 Alicante, SpainCentro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Carretera de Beniel Km 3.2, Orihuela, 03312 Alicante, SpainCentro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Carretera de Beniel Km 3.2, Orihuela, 03312 Alicante, SpainCentro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Carretera de Beniel Km 3.2, Orihuela, 03312 Alicante, SpainThis study evaluates the agronomic and environmental performance of pelletized compost derived from olive mill waste as a sustainable alternative to mineral fertilizers for cultivating wheat (<i>Triticum turgidum</i> L.) under conventional tillage methods. A field experiment was conducted in semi-arid Spain, employing three fertilization strategies: inorganic (MAP + Urea), sewage sludge (SS), and organic compost pellets (OCP), each providing 150 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>. The parameters analyzed included wheat yield, grain quality, soil properties, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Inorganic fertilization yielded the highest productivity and nutrient uptake. However, the OCP treatment reduced grain yield by only 15%, while improving soil microbial activity and enzymatic responses. The SS and OCP treatments showed increased CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions compared to the control and inorganic plots. However, the OCP treatment also acted as a CH<sub>4</sub> sink. Nutrient use efficiency was greatest under mineral fertilization, though the OCP treatment outperformed the SS treatment. These results highlight the potential of OCP as a circular bio-based fertilizer that can enhance soil function and partially replace mineral inputs. Optimizing application timing is critical to aligning nutrient release with crop demand. Further long-term trials are necessary to evaluate their impact on the soil and improve environmental outcomes.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/14/1543olive mill waste compostpelletized fertilizerwheat yieldnitrogen use efficiencygreenhouse gas emissions
spellingShingle Ana García-Rández
Silvia Sánchez Méndez
Luciano Orden
Francisco Javier Andreu-Rodríguez
Miguel Ángel Mira-Urios
José A. Sáez-Tovar
Encarnación Martínez-Sabater
María Ángeles Bustamante
María Dolores Pérez-Murcia
Raúl Moral
Evaluation of Olive Mill Waste Compost as a Sustainable Alternative to Conventional Fertilizers in Wheat Cultivation
Agriculture
olive mill waste compost
pelletized fertilizer
wheat yield
nitrogen use efficiency
greenhouse gas emissions
title Evaluation of Olive Mill Waste Compost as a Sustainable Alternative to Conventional Fertilizers in Wheat Cultivation
title_full Evaluation of Olive Mill Waste Compost as a Sustainable Alternative to Conventional Fertilizers in Wheat Cultivation
title_fullStr Evaluation of Olive Mill Waste Compost as a Sustainable Alternative to Conventional Fertilizers in Wheat Cultivation
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of Olive Mill Waste Compost as a Sustainable Alternative to Conventional Fertilizers in Wheat Cultivation
title_short Evaluation of Olive Mill Waste Compost as a Sustainable Alternative to Conventional Fertilizers in Wheat Cultivation
title_sort evaluation of olive mill waste compost as a sustainable alternative to conventional fertilizers in wheat cultivation
topic olive mill waste compost
pelletized fertilizer
wheat yield
nitrogen use efficiency
greenhouse gas emissions
url https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/14/1543
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