Probiotic properties of Bacillus licheniformis HN318 and comparison of the effects of its bacterial cells and cultures on growth, immunity and disease resistance of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus polyphekadion♂ × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀)

Probiotic properties of Bacillus licheniformis HN318 and comparison of the effects of its bacterial cells and cultures on growth, immunity and disease resistance of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus polyphekadion♂ × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀)

IntroductionBacillus species are probiotics commonly utilized in aquaculture to enhance aquatic animal growth, inhibit pathogens, and strengthen immunity. However, research comparing the effects of probiotic bacterial cells and cultures is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the probiotic potentia...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zhenjie Cao, Qiaoli Yang, Aie Kang, Guotao Wang, Pengshuo Li, Guiping Qiu, Jinge Wang, Chunsheng Liu, Yun Sun
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-02-01
Series:Frontiers in Marine Science
Subjects:
probiotics
probiotic cells
probiotic cultures
probiotic effects
immunity
disease resistance
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2025.1548955/full
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