Extracellular AMP Inhibits Pollen Tube Growth in <i>Picea meyeri</i> via Disrupted Calcium Gradient and Disorganized Microfilaments
Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) is a hydrolysis product of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). In mammalian cells, extracellular AMP functions as a signaling molecule by binding to adenosine A1 receptors, thereby activating various intracellular signaling pathways. However, t...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Junhui Zhou Haobo Yang Yue Zhang Yuan Cao Yanping Jing |
| author_facet | Junhui Zhou Haobo Yang Yue Zhang Yuan Cao Yanping Jing |
| author_sort | Junhui Zhou |
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| description | Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) is a hydrolysis product of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). In mammalian cells, extracellular AMP functions as a signaling molecule by binding to adenosine A1 receptors, thereby activating various intracellular signaling pathways. However, the role of extracellular AMP in plant cells remains largely unclear, and homologs of A1 receptors have not been identified. Our previous studies have demonstrated that extracellular ATP (eATP) is crucial for the normal germination and growth of <i>Picea meyeri</i> pollen tubes. In the present study, we observed that the exogenous addition of ATP to a pollen culture medium could be degraded into AMP and adenosine. Furthermore, the addition of AMP and adenosine to the culture medium was found to inhibit pollen germination and tube elongation. Notably, the addition of an AMP receptor inhibitor into the culture medium mitigated the inhibitory effects of AMP on pollen tube growth. Through intracellular staining for Ca<sup>2+</sup> and microfilaments, we discovered that high concentrations of AMP disrupt the Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration gradient and impair microfilament organization, ultimately resulting in inhibited pollen tube elongation. In conclusion, we propose that extracellular AMP, as a hydrolysis product of eATP, also plays a significant role in regulating <i>P. meyeri</i> pollen germination and tube growth in vitro. |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| spelling | doaj-art-93a69a26601640e4a8e4cd4ddcb002ef2025-01-10T13:19:40ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472024-12-011417210.3390/plants14010072Extracellular AMP Inhibits Pollen Tube Growth in <i>Picea meyeri</i> via Disrupted Calcium Gradient and Disorganized MicrofilamentsJunhui Zhou0Haobo Yang1Yue Zhang2Yuan Cao3Yanping Jing4State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaAdenosine monophosphate (AMP) is a hydrolysis product of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). In mammalian cells, extracellular AMP functions as a signaling molecule by binding to adenosine A1 receptors, thereby activating various intracellular signaling pathways. However, the role of extracellular AMP in plant cells remains largely unclear, and homologs of A1 receptors have not been identified. Our previous studies have demonstrated that extracellular ATP (eATP) is crucial for the normal germination and growth of <i>Picea meyeri</i> pollen tubes. In the present study, we observed that the exogenous addition of ATP to a pollen culture medium could be degraded into AMP and adenosine. Furthermore, the addition of AMP and adenosine to the culture medium was found to inhibit pollen germination and tube elongation. Notably, the addition of an AMP receptor inhibitor into the culture medium mitigated the inhibitory effects of AMP on pollen tube growth. Through intracellular staining for Ca<sup>2+</sup> and microfilaments, we discovered that high concentrations of AMP disrupt the Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration gradient and impair microfilament organization, ultimately resulting in inhibited pollen tube elongation. In conclusion, we propose that extracellular AMP, as a hydrolysis product of eATP, also plays a significant role in regulating <i>P. meyeri</i> pollen germination and tube growth in vitro.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/1/72extracellular AMPpollen tube growth<i>Picea meyeri</i>calcium gradientmicrofilament |
| spellingShingle | Junhui Zhou Haobo Yang Yue Zhang Yuan Cao Yanping Jing Extracellular AMP Inhibits Pollen Tube Growth in <i>Picea meyeri</i> via Disrupted Calcium Gradient and Disorganized Microfilaments Plants extracellular AMP pollen tube growth <i>Picea meyeri</i> calcium gradient microfilament |
| title | Extracellular AMP Inhibits Pollen Tube Growth in <i>Picea meyeri</i> via Disrupted Calcium Gradient and Disorganized Microfilaments |
| title_full | Extracellular AMP Inhibits Pollen Tube Growth in <i>Picea meyeri</i> via Disrupted Calcium Gradient and Disorganized Microfilaments |
| title_fullStr | Extracellular AMP Inhibits Pollen Tube Growth in <i>Picea meyeri</i> via Disrupted Calcium Gradient and Disorganized Microfilaments |
| title_full_unstemmed | Extracellular AMP Inhibits Pollen Tube Growth in <i>Picea meyeri</i> via Disrupted Calcium Gradient and Disorganized Microfilaments |
| title_short | Extracellular AMP Inhibits Pollen Tube Growth in <i>Picea meyeri</i> via Disrupted Calcium Gradient and Disorganized Microfilaments |
| title_sort | extracellular amp inhibits pollen tube growth in i picea meyeri i via disrupted calcium gradient and disorganized microfilaments |
| topic | extracellular AMP pollen tube growth <i>Picea meyeri</i> calcium gradient microfilament |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/1/72 |
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