A computational DNA methylation method to remove contaminated DNA from spent embryo culture medium for noninvasive preimplantation genetic testingResearch in context

Summary: Background: In the last fifty years, assisted reproductive technology (ART) has achieved remarkable breakthroughs, culminating in the birth of 12 million infants. At the heart of ART success is preimplantation genetic testing (PGT), which enables the detection of chromosomal anomalies, sin...

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Main Authors: Yidong Chen, Jin Huang, Fuchou Tang, Lu Wen, Jie Qiao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-04-01
Series:EBioMedicine
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352396425001136
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author Yidong Chen
Jin Huang
Fuchou Tang
Lu Wen
Jie Qiao
author_facet Yidong Chen
Jin Huang
Fuchou Tang
Lu Wen
Jie Qiao
author_sort Yidong Chen
collection DOAJ
description Summary: Background: In the last fifty years, assisted reproductive technology (ART) has achieved remarkable breakthroughs, culminating in the birth of 12 million infants. At the heart of ART success is preimplantation genetic testing (PGT), which enables the detection of chromosomal anomalies, single-gene disorders, and structural rearrangements, enhancing embryo selection and mitigating genetic risk. However, current PGT methods, including trophectoderm (TE) biopsy, face limitations such as challenges related to convenience and potential impacts on embryonic health. In this evolving field, noninvasive PGT (niPGT) has emerged as a promising alternative. By analysing cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in spent embryo culture medium (SECM), niPGT offers a less intrusive approach. However, maternal DNA contamination within SECM remains a marked barrier to its clinical application as underscored by our research and other studies. There is an urgent need for innovation and optimisation in niPGT methodologies. Methods: We developed a computational algorithm to eliminate contaminated nonembryonic DNA from spent embryo culture medium. The rationale is based on the phenomenon that the DNA methylation level of a mammalian preimplantation embryo reaches its minimum at the blastocyst stage during a global DNA demethylation wave. Therefore, selecting hypomethylated reads is expected to enrich blastocyst DNA over nonembryonic DNA. To investigate this, we retrieved single-cell-resolution DNA methylation data from oocytes (n = 33), inner cell masses (ICMs, n = 74), TEs (n = 71) and sperm cells (n = 21), bulk DNA methylation data from cumulus cells, and DNA methylation data from SECM samples (n = 194) from our previously published database, and conducted a comparative analysis of DNA methylation patterns among them. Then, we constructed a decontamination algorithm based on single read and applied it to remove contamination originating from cumulus cells, polar bodies, and sperm cells. Findings: By selecting hypomethylated reads, we successfully enriched blastocyst DNA over DNA originating from cumulus cells, polar bodies and sperm (enrichment factors = 4, 1.2, and 2.5, respectively). By testing simulated SECM samples, the method demonstrated a substantial reduction in the false-negative rate even with up to 75% cumulus cell contamination. In real clinical SECM samples, the method improved aneuploidy detection sensitivity at a cumulus cell contamination ratio of 50%. Interpretation: Our study introduces a novel computational strategy for reducing nonembryonic DNA contamination, thereby enhancing aneuploidy detection sensitivity in SECM cfDNA methylation analyses. In combination with DNA methylation methodologies, this approach holds considerable promise for advancing niPGT applications in ART. Funding: This study was supported by grants from the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (7232203), the National Key R&D Program of China (2023YFC2705600, 2023YFC2705602), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82301889, 82371706), the Key Clinical Projects of Peking University Third Hospital (BYSYZD2022029), the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST (2023QNRC001), the Peking University Medicine Sailing Program for Young Scholars’ Scientific & Technological Innovation (BMU2023YFJHPY001) and the special fund of the National Clinical Key Specialty Construction Program, P. R. China (2023). We thank support from the High Performance Computing Platform of the Centre for Life Sciences (Peking University) and Open Research Fund of the National Centre for Protein Sciences at Peking University in Beijing.
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spelling doaj-art-92dbcc3042c449ce816b8d1b972053e92025-08-20T03:42:26ZengElsevierEBioMedicine2352-39642025-04-0111410566910.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105669A computational DNA methylation method to remove contaminated DNA from spent embryo culture medium for noninvasive preimplantation genetic testingResearch in contextYidong Chen0Jin Huang1Fuchou Tang2Lu Wen3Jie Qiao4Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China; Corresponding author. Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, ChinaBiomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction and Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, ChinaBiomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction and Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; Corresponding author.Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China; Corresponding author. Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.Summary: Background: In the last fifty years, assisted reproductive technology (ART) has achieved remarkable breakthroughs, culminating in the birth of 12 million infants. At the heart of ART success is preimplantation genetic testing (PGT), which enables the detection of chromosomal anomalies, single-gene disorders, and structural rearrangements, enhancing embryo selection and mitigating genetic risk. However, current PGT methods, including trophectoderm (TE) biopsy, face limitations such as challenges related to convenience and potential impacts on embryonic health. In this evolving field, noninvasive PGT (niPGT) has emerged as a promising alternative. By analysing cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in spent embryo culture medium (SECM), niPGT offers a less intrusive approach. However, maternal DNA contamination within SECM remains a marked barrier to its clinical application as underscored by our research and other studies. There is an urgent need for innovation and optimisation in niPGT methodologies. Methods: We developed a computational algorithm to eliminate contaminated nonembryonic DNA from spent embryo culture medium. The rationale is based on the phenomenon that the DNA methylation level of a mammalian preimplantation embryo reaches its minimum at the blastocyst stage during a global DNA demethylation wave. Therefore, selecting hypomethylated reads is expected to enrich blastocyst DNA over nonembryonic DNA. To investigate this, we retrieved single-cell-resolution DNA methylation data from oocytes (n = 33), inner cell masses (ICMs, n = 74), TEs (n = 71) and sperm cells (n = 21), bulk DNA methylation data from cumulus cells, and DNA methylation data from SECM samples (n = 194) from our previously published database, and conducted a comparative analysis of DNA methylation patterns among them. Then, we constructed a decontamination algorithm based on single read and applied it to remove contamination originating from cumulus cells, polar bodies, and sperm cells. Findings: By selecting hypomethylated reads, we successfully enriched blastocyst DNA over DNA originating from cumulus cells, polar bodies and sperm (enrichment factors = 4, 1.2, and 2.5, respectively). By testing simulated SECM samples, the method demonstrated a substantial reduction in the false-negative rate even with up to 75% cumulus cell contamination. In real clinical SECM samples, the method improved aneuploidy detection sensitivity at a cumulus cell contamination ratio of 50%. Interpretation: Our study introduces a novel computational strategy for reducing nonembryonic DNA contamination, thereby enhancing aneuploidy detection sensitivity in SECM cfDNA methylation analyses. In combination with DNA methylation methodologies, this approach holds considerable promise for advancing niPGT applications in ART. Funding: This study was supported by grants from the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (7232203), the National Key R&D Program of China (2023YFC2705600, 2023YFC2705602), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82301889, 82371706), the Key Clinical Projects of Peking University Third Hospital (BYSYZD2022029), the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST (2023QNRC001), the Peking University Medicine Sailing Program for Young Scholars’ Scientific & Technological Innovation (BMU2023YFJHPY001) and the special fund of the National Clinical Key Specialty Construction Program, P. R. China (2023). We thank support from the High Performance Computing Platform of the Centre for Life Sciences (Peking University) and Open Research Fund of the National Centre for Protein Sciences at Peking University in Beijing.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352396425001136Spent embryo culture mediumDNA methylationComputational methodNoninvasive preimplantation genetic testing
spellingShingle Yidong Chen
Jin Huang
Fuchou Tang
Lu Wen
Jie Qiao
A computational DNA methylation method to remove contaminated DNA from spent embryo culture medium for noninvasive preimplantation genetic testingResearch in context
EBioMedicine
Spent embryo culture medium
DNA methylation
Computational method
Noninvasive preimplantation genetic testing
title A computational DNA methylation method to remove contaminated DNA from spent embryo culture medium for noninvasive preimplantation genetic testingResearch in context
title_full A computational DNA methylation method to remove contaminated DNA from spent embryo culture medium for noninvasive preimplantation genetic testingResearch in context
title_fullStr A computational DNA methylation method to remove contaminated DNA from spent embryo culture medium for noninvasive preimplantation genetic testingResearch in context
title_full_unstemmed A computational DNA methylation method to remove contaminated DNA from spent embryo culture medium for noninvasive preimplantation genetic testingResearch in context
title_short A computational DNA methylation method to remove contaminated DNA from spent embryo culture medium for noninvasive preimplantation genetic testingResearch in context
title_sort computational dna methylation method to remove contaminated dna from spent embryo culture medium for noninvasive preimplantation genetic testingresearch in context
topic Spent embryo culture medium
DNA methylation
Computational method
Noninvasive preimplantation genetic testing
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352396425001136
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