Effect of Cashew Nutshell Extract, Saponins and Tannins Addition on Methane Emissions, Nutrient Digestibility and Feeding Behavior of Beef Steers Receiving a Backgrounding Diet
The beef industry contributes to greenhouse gas emissions through enteric methane emissions, exacerbating climate change. Anacardic acid in cashew nutshell extract (CNSE), saponins and tannins (ST) are plant secondary metabolites that show promise in methane mitigation via antimicrobial effects, pot...
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MDPI AG
2024-10-01
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| author | Wilmer Cuervo Camila Gómez Federico Tarnonsky Ignacio Fernandez-Marenchino Araceli Maderal Federico Podversich Juan de J. Vargas Nicolas DiLorenzo |
| author_facet | Wilmer Cuervo Camila Gómez Federico Tarnonsky Ignacio Fernandez-Marenchino Araceli Maderal Federico Podversich Juan de J. Vargas Nicolas DiLorenzo |
| author_sort | Wilmer Cuervo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The beef industry contributes to greenhouse gas emissions through enteric methane emissions, exacerbating climate change. Anacardic acid in cashew nutshell extract (CNSE), saponins and tannins (ST) are plant secondary metabolites that show promise in methane mitigation via antimicrobial effects, potentially exerting changes in ruminal fermentation patterns. This study examined the impact of CNSE, ST, and their combination on methane emissions, digestibility, intake, and performance of sixteen Angus crossbred steers (347 ± 30 kg) receiving a backgrounding diet (70:30 corn silage: cottonseed burrs). The study used a 4 × 4 Latin square design (4 steers, 4 treatments, 4 periods) with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, including the main effects of additive (CNSE or ST) fed individually or combined. Thus, steers received the following treatments: (1) no additive, (2) CNSE only, (3) ST only, or (4) both (CNSEST). Non-supplemented steers registered eight more feedbunk visits/d than ST-steers and spent an extra 10 min/d on the feedbunk. The addition of ST tended to increase dry matter, organic matter, and neutral detergent fiber intake. Additives fed individually reduced CP digestibility. Intake of the carrier containing CNSE only was lesser and coincided with a greater methane yield in that treatment. Digestibility and methane mitigation were improved after CNSEST compared with individual inclusion, suggesting synergistic reactions enhanced methane mitigation effects in fibrous diets without affecting the digestibility of nutrients nor animal growth performance. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
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| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj-art-92a9fa0ed75e4dbe9d2a9f428e3ace5d2024-11-08T14:32:39ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152024-10-011421312610.3390/ani14213126Effect of Cashew Nutshell Extract, Saponins and Tannins Addition on Methane Emissions, Nutrient Digestibility and Feeding Behavior of Beef Steers Receiving a Backgrounding DietWilmer Cuervo0Camila Gómez1Federico Tarnonsky2Ignacio Fernandez-Marenchino3Araceli Maderal4Federico Podversich5Juan de J. Vargas6Nicolas DiLorenzo7North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32446, USANorth Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32446, USANorth Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32446, USANorth Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32446, USANorth Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32446, USANorth Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32446, USANorth Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32446, USANorth Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32446, USAThe beef industry contributes to greenhouse gas emissions through enteric methane emissions, exacerbating climate change. Anacardic acid in cashew nutshell extract (CNSE), saponins and tannins (ST) are plant secondary metabolites that show promise in methane mitigation via antimicrobial effects, potentially exerting changes in ruminal fermentation patterns. This study examined the impact of CNSE, ST, and their combination on methane emissions, digestibility, intake, and performance of sixteen Angus crossbred steers (347 ± 30 kg) receiving a backgrounding diet (70:30 corn silage: cottonseed burrs). The study used a 4 × 4 Latin square design (4 steers, 4 treatments, 4 periods) with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, including the main effects of additive (CNSE or ST) fed individually or combined. Thus, steers received the following treatments: (1) no additive, (2) CNSE only, (3) ST only, or (4) both (CNSEST). Non-supplemented steers registered eight more feedbunk visits/d than ST-steers and spent an extra 10 min/d on the feedbunk. The addition of ST tended to increase dry matter, organic matter, and neutral detergent fiber intake. Additives fed individually reduced CP digestibility. Intake of the carrier containing CNSE only was lesser and coincided with a greater methane yield in that treatment. Digestibility and methane mitigation were improved after CNSEST compared with individual inclusion, suggesting synergistic reactions enhanced methane mitigation effects in fibrous diets without affecting the digestibility of nutrients nor animal growth performance.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/21/3126anacardic acidessential oilsmethane intensityacceptabilityroughagesecondary metabolites |
| spellingShingle | Wilmer Cuervo Camila Gómez Federico Tarnonsky Ignacio Fernandez-Marenchino Araceli Maderal Federico Podversich Juan de J. Vargas Nicolas DiLorenzo Effect of Cashew Nutshell Extract, Saponins and Tannins Addition on Methane Emissions, Nutrient Digestibility and Feeding Behavior of Beef Steers Receiving a Backgrounding Diet Animals anacardic acid essential oils methane intensity acceptability roughage secondary metabolites |
| title | Effect of Cashew Nutshell Extract, Saponins and Tannins Addition on Methane Emissions, Nutrient Digestibility and Feeding Behavior of Beef Steers Receiving a Backgrounding Diet |
| title_full | Effect of Cashew Nutshell Extract, Saponins and Tannins Addition on Methane Emissions, Nutrient Digestibility and Feeding Behavior of Beef Steers Receiving a Backgrounding Diet |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Cashew Nutshell Extract, Saponins and Tannins Addition on Methane Emissions, Nutrient Digestibility and Feeding Behavior of Beef Steers Receiving a Backgrounding Diet |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Cashew Nutshell Extract, Saponins and Tannins Addition on Methane Emissions, Nutrient Digestibility and Feeding Behavior of Beef Steers Receiving a Backgrounding Diet |
| title_short | Effect of Cashew Nutshell Extract, Saponins and Tannins Addition on Methane Emissions, Nutrient Digestibility and Feeding Behavior of Beef Steers Receiving a Backgrounding Diet |
| title_sort | effect of cashew nutshell extract saponins and tannins addition on methane emissions nutrient digestibility and feeding behavior of beef steers receiving a backgrounding diet |
| topic | anacardic acid essential oils methane intensity acceptability roughage secondary metabolites |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/21/3126 |
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