Characterization of Key Phytoconstituents in <i>Nigella</i> Oil from Diverse Sources and Their Transfer Efficiency During Oil Processing

<i>Nigella sativa</i> L., which is commonly referred to as black cumin, is a globally recognized plant for the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical values of its seed oil. While numerous studies have investigated <i>Nigella</i> oil, there is a scarcity of information regarding th...

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Main Authors: Parbat Raj Thani, Joel B. Johnson, Surya Bhattarai, Tieneke Trotter, Kerry Walsh, Daniel Broszczak, Mani Naiker
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Crops
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7655/4/4/39
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author Parbat Raj Thani
Joel B. Johnson
Surya Bhattarai
Tieneke Trotter
Kerry Walsh
Daniel Broszczak
Mani Naiker
author_facet Parbat Raj Thani
Joel B. Johnson
Surya Bhattarai
Tieneke Trotter
Kerry Walsh
Daniel Broszczak
Mani Naiker
author_sort Parbat Raj Thani
collection DOAJ
description <i>Nigella sativa</i> L., which is commonly referred to as black cumin, is a globally recognized plant for the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical values of its seed oil. While numerous studies have investigated <i>Nigella</i> oil, there is a scarcity of information regarding the variation of key phytoconstituents in <i>Nigella</i> oil from diverse seed sources. It is also unclear whether the variation in phytoconstituents across different seed sources translates to variations in their respective oils, which is important for understanding their health benefits. Additionally, there is a gap in information on how specific phytochemicals transfer from seed to oil during the oil pressing. Therefore, this study investigated <i>Nigella</i> sourced from different genotypes and agricultural practices (planting densities and sowing times) to determine total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant capacity (FRAP and CUPRAC), thymoquinone (TQ), and fatty acid composition. The results showed significant variation of TPC (87.4–144.1 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g), FRAP (454.1–560.9 mg Trolox equivalents (TE)/100 g), CUPRAC (356.3–482.5 mg TE/100 g), TQ (1493.5–2268.4 mg TQ/100 g), saturated fatty acid (SFA) (65.9–83.7 mg/g), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) (42.5–67.8 mg/g), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (266.1–383.4 mg/g) in the oil derived from the seeds of different genotypes and agricultural practices. The total transfer of TPC, FRAP, and CUPRAC into the screw-pressed oil was relatively low, contributing only 2.3–3.7%, 7.1–11.7%, and 1.5–2.3%, respectively, of their total value in the respective seed. However, the transfer of TQ, SFA, MUFA, and PUFA was observed to be comparatively higher, contributing 32.8–48.5%, 60.8–84.2%, 45.6–74.4%, and 43.1–69.4%, respectively, of their total value in the respective seed. There was no strong correlation observed among TPC, FRAP, CUPRAC, and TQ, and none of the fatty acids showed a strong correlation with these variables.
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spelling doaj-art-92a4a0f11c324b81bb5e09fa3b24a9c52024-12-27T14:19:30ZengMDPI AGCrops2673-76552024-11-014454056710.3390/crops4040039Characterization of Key Phytoconstituents in <i>Nigella</i> Oil from Diverse Sources and Their Transfer Efficiency During Oil ProcessingParbat Raj Thani0Joel B. Johnson1Surya Bhattarai2Tieneke Trotter3Kerry Walsh4Daniel Broszczak5Mani Naiker6School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, AustraliaSchool of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, AustraliaSchool of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, AustraliaSchool of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, AustraliaSchool of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, AustraliaSchool of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, AustraliaSchool of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia<i>Nigella sativa</i> L., which is commonly referred to as black cumin, is a globally recognized plant for the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical values of its seed oil. While numerous studies have investigated <i>Nigella</i> oil, there is a scarcity of information regarding the variation of key phytoconstituents in <i>Nigella</i> oil from diverse seed sources. It is also unclear whether the variation in phytoconstituents across different seed sources translates to variations in their respective oils, which is important for understanding their health benefits. Additionally, there is a gap in information on how specific phytochemicals transfer from seed to oil during the oil pressing. Therefore, this study investigated <i>Nigella</i> sourced from different genotypes and agricultural practices (planting densities and sowing times) to determine total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant capacity (FRAP and CUPRAC), thymoquinone (TQ), and fatty acid composition. The results showed significant variation of TPC (87.4–144.1 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g), FRAP (454.1–560.9 mg Trolox equivalents (TE)/100 g), CUPRAC (356.3–482.5 mg TE/100 g), TQ (1493.5–2268.4 mg TQ/100 g), saturated fatty acid (SFA) (65.9–83.7 mg/g), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) (42.5–67.8 mg/g), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (266.1–383.4 mg/g) in the oil derived from the seeds of different genotypes and agricultural practices. The total transfer of TPC, FRAP, and CUPRAC into the screw-pressed oil was relatively low, contributing only 2.3–3.7%, 7.1–11.7%, and 1.5–2.3%, respectively, of their total value in the respective seed. However, the transfer of TQ, SFA, MUFA, and PUFA was observed to be comparatively higher, contributing 32.8–48.5%, 60.8–84.2%, 45.6–74.4%, and 43.1–69.4%, respectively, of their total value in the respective seed. There was no strong correlation observed among TPC, FRAP, CUPRAC, and TQ, and none of the fatty acids showed a strong correlation with these variables.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7655/4/4/39<i>Nigella</i> seed sourceoiltotal phenolic contentantioxidant capacitythymoquinonefatty acids
spellingShingle Parbat Raj Thani
Joel B. Johnson
Surya Bhattarai
Tieneke Trotter
Kerry Walsh
Daniel Broszczak
Mani Naiker
Characterization of Key Phytoconstituents in <i>Nigella</i> Oil from Diverse Sources and Their Transfer Efficiency During Oil Processing
Crops
<i>Nigella</i> seed source
oil
total phenolic content
antioxidant capacity
thymoquinone
fatty acids
title Characterization of Key Phytoconstituents in <i>Nigella</i> Oil from Diverse Sources and Their Transfer Efficiency During Oil Processing
title_full Characterization of Key Phytoconstituents in <i>Nigella</i> Oil from Diverse Sources and Their Transfer Efficiency During Oil Processing
title_fullStr Characterization of Key Phytoconstituents in <i>Nigella</i> Oil from Diverse Sources and Their Transfer Efficiency During Oil Processing
title_full_unstemmed Characterization of Key Phytoconstituents in <i>Nigella</i> Oil from Diverse Sources and Their Transfer Efficiency During Oil Processing
title_short Characterization of Key Phytoconstituents in <i>Nigella</i> Oil from Diverse Sources and Their Transfer Efficiency During Oil Processing
title_sort characterization of key phytoconstituents in i nigella i oil from diverse sources and their transfer efficiency during oil processing
topic <i>Nigella</i> seed source
oil
total phenolic content
antioxidant capacity
thymoquinone
fatty acids
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7655/4/4/39
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