Investigating the relationship between the immune response and the severity of COVID-19: a large-cohort retrospective study
The COVID-19 pandemic has left an indelible mark globally, presenting numerous challenges to public health. This crisis, while disruptive and impactful, has provided a unique opportunity to gather precious clinical data extensively. In this observational, case-control study, we utilized data collect...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1452638/full |
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| author | Riccardo Giuseppe Margiotta Emanuela Sozio Fabio Del Ben Fabio Del Ben Antonio Paolo Beltrami Antonio Paolo Beltrami Daniela Cesselli Daniela Cesselli Marco Comar Alessandra Devito Martina Fabris Martina Fabris Francesco Curcio Francesco Curcio Carlo Tascini Carlo Tascini Guido Sanguinetti |
| author_facet | Riccardo Giuseppe Margiotta Emanuela Sozio Fabio Del Ben Fabio Del Ben Antonio Paolo Beltrami Antonio Paolo Beltrami Daniela Cesselli Daniela Cesselli Marco Comar Alessandra Devito Martina Fabris Martina Fabris Francesco Curcio Francesco Curcio Carlo Tascini Carlo Tascini Guido Sanguinetti |
| author_sort | Riccardo Giuseppe Margiotta |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The COVID-19 pandemic has left an indelible mark globally, presenting numerous challenges to public health. This crisis, while disruptive and impactful, has provided a unique opportunity to gather precious clinical data extensively. In this observational, case-control study, we utilized data collected at the Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Italy, to comprehensively characterize the immuno-inflammatory features in COVID-19 patients. Specifically, we employed multicolor flow cytometry, cytokine assays, and inflammatory biomarkers to elucidate the interplay between the infectious agent and the host’s immune status. We characterized immuno-inflammatory profiles within the first 72 hours of hospital admission, stratified by age, disease severity, and time elapsed since symptom onset. Our findings indicate that patients admitted to the hospital shortly after symptom onset exhibit a distinct pattern compared to those who arrive later, characterized by a more active immune response and heightened cytokine activity, but lower markers of tissue damage. We used univariate and multivariate logistic regression models to identify informative markers for outcome severity. Predictors incorporating the immuno-inflammatory features significantly outperformed standard baselines, identifying up to 59% of patients with positive outcomes while maintaining a false omission rate as low as 4%. Overall, our study sheds light on the immuno-inflammatory aspects observed in COVID-19 patients prior to vaccination, providing insights for guiding the clinical management of first-time infections by a novel virus. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-929ed79fb2d446f6a54936815bc49ddf |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj-art-929ed79fb2d446f6a54936815bc49ddf2025-01-08T06:11:42ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-01-011510.3389/fimmu.2024.14526381452638Investigating the relationship between the immune response and the severity of COVID-19: a large-cohort retrospective studyRiccardo Giuseppe Margiotta0Emanuela Sozio1Fabio Del Ben2Fabio Del Ben3Antonio Paolo Beltrami4Antonio Paolo Beltrami5Daniela Cesselli6Daniela Cesselli7Marco Comar8Alessandra Devito9Martina Fabris10Martina Fabris11Francesco Curcio12Francesco Curcio13Carlo Tascini14Carlo Tascini15Guido Sanguinetti16Physics Department, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, ItalyInfectious Disease Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASU FC), Udine, ItalyDepartment of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine, Udine, ItalyDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, ASU FC, Udine, ItalyDepartment of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine, Udine, ItalyDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, ASU FC, Udine, ItalyDepartment of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine, Udine, ItalyDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, ASU FC, Udine, ItalyDepartment of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine, Udine, ItalyDepartment of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine, Udine, ItalyDepartment of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine, Udine, ItalyDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, ASU FC, Udine, ItalyDepartment of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine, Udine, ItalyDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, ASU FC, Udine, ItalyInfectious Disease Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASU FC), Udine, ItalyDepartment of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine, Udine, ItalyPhysics Department, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, ItalyThe COVID-19 pandemic has left an indelible mark globally, presenting numerous challenges to public health. This crisis, while disruptive and impactful, has provided a unique opportunity to gather precious clinical data extensively. In this observational, case-control study, we utilized data collected at the Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Italy, to comprehensively characterize the immuno-inflammatory features in COVID-19 patients. Specifically, we employed multicolor flow cytometry, cytokine assays, and inflammatory biomarkers to elucidate the interplay between the infectious agent and the host’s immune status. We characterized immuno-inflammatory profiles within the first 72 hours of hospital admission, stratified by age, disease severity, and time elapsed since symptom onset. Our findings indicate that patients admitted to the hospital shortly after symptom onset exhibit a distinct pattern compared to those who arrive later, characterized by a more active immune response and heightened cytokine activity, but lower markers of tissue damage. We used univariate and multivariate logistic regression models to identify informative markers for outcome severity. Predictors incorporating the immuno-inflammatory features significantly outperformed standard baselines, identifying up to 59% of patients with positive outcomes while maintaining a false omission rate as low as 4%. Overall, our study sheds light on the immuno-inflammatory aspects observed in COVID-19 patients prior to vaccination, providing insights for guiding the clinical management of first-time infections by a novel virus.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1452638/fullCOVID-19cytokinesimmunologyinflammationflow cytometryimmune system |
| spellingShingle | Riccardo Giuseppe Margiotta Emanuela Sozio Fabio Del Ben Fabio Del Ben Antonio Paolo Beltrami Antonio Paolo Beltrami Daniela Cesselli Daniela Cesselli Marco Comar Alessandra Devito Martina Fabris Martina Fabris Francesco Curcio Francesco Curcio Carlo Tascini Carlo Tascini Guido Sanguinetti Investigating the relationship between the immune response and the severity of COVID-19: a large-cohort retrospective study Frontiers in Immunology COVID-19 cytokines immunology inflammation flow cytometry immune system |
| title | Investigating the relationship between the immune response and the severity of COVID-19: a large-cohort retrospective study |
| title_full | Investigating the relationship between the immune response and the severity of COVID-19: a large-cohort retrospective study |
| title_fullStr | Investigating the relationship between the immune response and the severity of COVID-19: a large-cohort retrospective study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigating the relationship between the immune response and the severity of COVID-19: a large-cohort retrospective study |
| title_short | Investigating the relationship between the immune response and the severity of COVID-19: a large-cohort retrospective study |
| title_sort | investigating the relationship between the immune response and the severity of covid 19 a large cohort retrospective study |
| topic | COVID-19 cytokines immunology inflammation flow cytometry immune system |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1452638/full |
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