Impact of repeat flooding on mental health and health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional analysis of the English National Study of Flooding and Health
Objective To assess the association between flooding/repeat flooding and: (1) psychological morbidity (anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)) and (2) health-related quality of life (HRQoL) at 6 months post-flooding.Design Cross-sectional analysis of data from the English Nationa...
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| Format: | Article |
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BMJ Publishing Group
2019-11-01
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| Series: | BMJ Open |
| Online Access: | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/9/11/e031562.full |
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| author | Isabel Oliver Clare E French Thomas D Waite Ben Armstrong G. James Rubin Charles R Beck |
| author_facet | Isabel Oliver Clare E French Thomas D Waite Ben Armstrong G. James Rubin Charles R Beck |
| author_sort | Isabel Oliver |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective To assess the association between flooding/repeat flooding and: (1) psychological morbidity (anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)) and (2) health-related quality of life (HRQoL) at 6 months post-flooding.Design Cross-sectional analysis of data from the English National Study of Flooding and Health.Setting Cumbria, England.Participants Questionnaires were sent to 2500 residential addresses at 6 months post-flooding; 590 people responded.Outcomes Probable depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire, probable anxiety using the Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale and probable PTSD using the short-form PTSD checklist (PCL-6). HRQoL was assessed using the EQ-5D-5L. Mental health outcomes were analysed using logistic regression; HRQoL dimensions using ordinal regression; and summary index/Visual Analogue Scale scores using linear regression.Results One hundred and nineteen participants had been flooded, over half of whom were experiencing a repeat flooding event (54%; n=64). Mental health outcomes were elevated among flooded compared with unaffected participants (adjusted OR for probable depression: 7.77, 95% CI: 1.51 to 40.13; anxiety: 4.16, 95% CI: 1.18 to 14.70; PTSD: 14.41, 95% CI: 3.91 to 53.13). The prevalence of depression was higher among repeat compared with single flooded participants, but this was not significant after adjustment. There was no difference in levels of anxiety or PTSD. Compared with unaffected participants, those flooded had lower EQ-5D-5L index scores (adjusted coefficient: −0.06, 95% CI: −0.12 to −0.01) and lower self-rated health scores (adjusted coefficient: −6.99, 95% CI: −11.96 to −2.02). There was, however, little difference in HRQoL overall between repeat and single flooded participants.Conclusions Interventions are needed to help minimise the impact of flooding on people’s mental health and HRQoL. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-91f6518b64084775b85c8cf2277c2e42 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2044-6055 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2019-11-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMJ Open |
| spelling | doaj-art-91f6518b64084775b85c8cf2277c2e422024-11-29T07:25:09ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552019-11-0191110.1136/bmjopen-2019-031562Impact of repeat flooding on mental health and health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional analysis of the English National Study of Flooding and HealthIsabel Oliver0Clare E French1Thomas D Waite2Ben Armstrong3G. James Rubin4Charles R Beck5National Infection Service, Public Health England, Bristol, UK1 NIHR Health Protection Unit in Evaluation of Interventions, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK3 National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UKprofessor5 Department of Psychological Medicine, Weston Education Centre, King’s College London NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response, London, UK1 NIHR Health Protection Unit in Evaluation of Interventions, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UKObjective To assess the association between flooding/repeat flooding and: (1) psychological morbidity (anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)) and (2) health-related quality of life (HRQoL) at 6 months post-flooding.Design Cross-sectional analysis of data from the English National Study of Flooding and Health.Setting Cumbria, England.Participants Questionnaires were sent to 2500 residential addresses at 6 months post-flooding; 590 people responded.Outcomes Probable depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire, probable anxiety using the Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale and probable PTSD using the short-form PTSD checklist (PCL-6). HRQoL was assessed using the EQ-5D-5L. Mental health outcomes were analysed using logistic regression; HRQoL dimensions using ordinal regression; and summary index/Visual Analogue Scale scores using linear regression.Results One hundred and nineteen participants had been flooded, over half of whom were experiencing a repeat flooding event (54%; n=64). Mental health outcomes were elevated among flooded compared with unaffected participants (adjusted OR for probable depression: 7.77, 95% CI: 1.51 to 40.13; anxiety: 4.16, 95% CI: 1.18 to 14.70; PTSD: 14.41, 95% CI: 3.91 to 53.13). The prevalence of depression was higher among repeat compared with single flooded participants, but this was not significant after adjustment. There was no difference in levels of anxiety or PTSD. Compared with unaffected participants, those flooded had lower EQ-5D-5L index scores (adjusted coefficient: −0.06, 95% CI: −0.12 to −0.01) and lower self-rated health scores (adjusted coefficient: −6.99, 95% CI: −11.96 to −2.02). There was, however, little difference in HRQoL overall between repeat and single flooded participants.Conclusions Interventions are needed to help minimise the impact of flooding on people’s mental health and HRQoL.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/9/11/e031562.full |
| spellingShingle | Isabel Oliver Clare E French Thomas D Waite Ben Armstrong G. James Rubin Charles R Beck Impact of repeat flooding on mental health and health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional analysis of the English National Study of Flooding and Health BMJ Open |
| title | Impact of repeat flooding on mental health and health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional analysis of the English National Study of Flooding and Health |
| title_full | Impact of repeat flooding on mental health and health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional analysis of the English National Study of Flooding and Health |
| title_fullStr | Impact of repeat flooding on mental health and health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional analysis of the English National Study of Flooding and Health |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of repeat flooding on mental health and health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional analysis of the English National Study of Flooding and Health |
| title_short | Impact of repeat flooding on mental health and health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional analysis of the English National Study of Flooding and Health |
| title_sort | impact of repeat flooding on mental health and health related quality of life a cross sectional analysis of the english national study of flooding and health |
| url | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/9/11/e031562.full |
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