Beam steering by two vertically faced metasurfaces using polarization free unit cells with three operating modes
Abstract Intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS) are valuable tools for enhancing the intelligence of the propagation environment. They have the ability to direct EM Waves to a specific user through beamforming. A significant number of passive elements are integrated into metasurfaces, allowing for th...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-84601-y |
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| author | Mohammadreza Jahangiri Hossein Soleimani Mohammad Soleimani |
| author_facet | Mohammadreza Jahangiri Hossein Soleimani Mohammad Soleimani |
| author_sort | Mohammadreza Jahangiri |
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| description | Abstract Intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS) are valuable tools for enhancing the intelligence of the propagation environment. They have the ability to direct EM Waves to a specific user through beamforming. A significant number of passive elements are integrated into metasurfaces, allowing for their incorporation onto various surfaces such as walls and buildings. In certain situations, metasurfaces may need to be installed on surfaces that are not flat, such as surfaces with curves or surfaces with two sides. Line of sight and non line of sight rays are radiated toward IRS and both components must be considered in channel modeling. In this work, a unit cell with three polarization modes, consisting of absorption, reflection, and a 1-bit phase shift, is designed and investigated. The unit cell in the nonplanar metasurface is composed of two vertical surfaces. A mathematical model is used to analyze two vertically-faced metasurfaces. The results include S parameter values and full structure radiation pattern in simulation and measurement. It is demonstrated that both absorption reflection mode and phase shift mode are achieved within a specific frequency band. The simulations demonstrate that an appropriate absorption level, reaching − 10 dB, is achieved in absorption mode. In reflection mode, a 180-degree phase shift is achieved within the same frequency band. Reports on the radiation pattern of two vertically faced structures indicate that there is no quantized beam when there is a one-bit phase shift. Channel modeling and signal to noise ratio of the designed metasurface in wireless network is represented in comparison with planar metasurface with the same cell number. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-91dfb29b3e664d80995c29166fc8ca22 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| spelling | doaj-art-91dfb29b3e664d80995c29166fc8ca222025-01-05T12:14:59ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-0115111410.1038/s41598-024-84601-yBeam steering by two vertically faced metasurfaces using polarization free unit cells with three operating modesMohammadreza Jahangiri0Hossein Soleimani1Mohammad Soleimani2School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and TechnologySchool of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and TechnologySchool of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and TechnologyAbstract Intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS) are valuable tools for enhancing the intelligence of the propagation environment. They have the ability to direct EM Waves to a specific user through beamforming. A significant number of passive elements are integrated into metasurfaces, allowing for their incorporation onto various surfaces such as walls and buildings. In certain situations, metasurfaces may need to be installed on surfaces that are not flat, such as surfaces with curves or surfaces with two sides. Line of sight and non line of sight rays are radiated toward IRS and both components must be considered in channel modeling. In this work, a unit cell with three polarization modes, consisting of absorption, reflection, and a 1-bit phase shift, is designed and investigated. The unit cell in the nonplanar metasurface is composed of two vertical surfaces. A mathematical model is used to analyze two vertically-faced metasurfaces. The results include S parameter values and full structure radiation pattern in simulation and measurement. It is demonstrated that both absorption reflection mode and phase shift mode are achieved within a specific frequency band. The simulations demonstrate that an appropriate absorption level, reaching − 10 dB, is achieved in absorption mode. In reflection mode, a 180-degree phase shift is achieved within the same frequency band. Reports on the radiation pattern of two vertically faced structures indicate that there is no quantized beam when there is a one-bit phase shift. Channel modeling and signal to noise ratio of the designed metasurface in wireless network is represented in comparison with planar metasurface with the same cell number.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-84601-yPhase shiftBeamformingMetasurfaceAbsorption reflectionTwo vertically faced metasurfaceChannel modeling |
| spellingShingle | Mohammadreza Jahangiri Hossein Soleimani Mohammad Soleimani Beam steering by two vertically faced metasurfaces using polarization free unit cells with three operating modes Scientific Reports Phase shift Beamforming Metasurface Absorption reflection Two vertically faced metasurface Channel modeling |
| title | Beam steering by two vertically faced metasurfaces using polarization free unit cells with three operating modes |
| title_full | Beam steering by two vertically faced metasurfaces using polarization free unit cells with three operating modes |
| title_fullStr | Beam steering by two vertically faced metasurfaces using polarization free unit cells with three operating modes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Beam steering by two vertically faced metasurfaces using polarization free unit cells with three operating modes |
| title_short | Beam steering by two vertically faced metasurfaces using polarization free unit cells with three operating modes |
| title_sort | beam steering by two vertically faced metasurfaces using polarization free unit cells with three operating modes |
| topic | Phase shift Beamforming Metasurface Absorption reflection Two vertically faced metasurface Channel modeling |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-84601-y |
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