Desert ants avoid ambush predator pits depending on position, visual landmarks and trapped nestmates

Central-place foragers face high predation risk when repeatedly using routes near their nest, as predators can learn to ambush them there. We investigated the factors influencing the likelihood of desert ant foragers falling into pitfall traps, simulating common predators such as antlions or spiders...

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Main Authors: Adi Bar, Eden Raveh-Pal, Aziz Subach, Susanne Foitzik, Inon Scharf
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: The Royal Society 2024-12-01
Series:Royal Society Open Science
Subjects:
Online Access:https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.241500
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author Adi Bar
Eden Raveh-Pal
Aziz Subach
Susanne Foitzik
Inon Scharf
author_facet Adi Bar
Eden Raveh-Pal
Aziz Subach
Susanne Foitzik
Inon Scharf
author_sort Adi Bar
collection DOAJ
description Central-place foragers face high predation risk when repeatedly using routes near their nest, as predators can learn to ambush them there. We investigated the factors influencing the likelihood of desert ant foragers falling into pitfall traps, simulating common predators such as antlions or spiders. We varied the spatial configuration of the pitfall traps, the presence of trapped nestmates and the availability of visual landmarks to study the workers’ susceptibility to falling into pits and their foraging success. Our results showed that a zigzag configuration of pits led to the fewest workers reaching the food reward, compared with straight-line and right-angled-triangle configurations. Over successive runs, workers became more efficient, with fewer falls into pits and faster food discovery, suggesting they either learned the locations of the pits or became more cautious. In any case, the ants learned about important landscape features close to their nest and the best way of navigating around it. Additionally, we examined the impact of trapped nestmates and visual landmarks. We found that pits marked with visual landmarks resulted in fewer falls. However, pits containing trapped nestmates attracted more ants, impaired food discovery and increased falling rates into pits, thereby imposing a twofold cost on ant foragers.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2054-5703
language English
publishDate 2024-12-01
publisher The Royal Society
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series Royal Society Open Science
spelling doaj-art-91d3bfb7a347401f8480492d621d7ccd2024-12-18T00:05:30ZengThe Royal SocietyRoyal Society Open Science2054-57032024-12-01111210.1098/rsos.241500Desert ants avoid ambush predator pits depending on position, visual landmarks and trapped nestmatesAdi Bar0Eden Raveh-Pal1Aziz Subach2Susanne Foitzik3Inon Scharf4School of Zoology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, IsraelSchool of Zoology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, IsraelSchool of Zoology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, IsraelInstitute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Rheinland-Pfalz, GermanySchool of Zoology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, IsraelCentral-place foragers face high predation risk when repeatedly using routes near their nest, as predators can learn to ambush them there. We investigated the factors influencing the likelihood of desert ant foragers falling into pitfall traps, simulating common predators such as antlions or spiders. We varied the spatial configuration of the pitfall traps, the presence of trapped nestmates and the availability of visual landmarks to study the workers’ susceptibility to falling into pits and their foraging success. Our results showed that a zigzag configuration of pits led to the fewest workers reaching the food reward, compared with straight-line and right-angled-triangle configurations. Over successive runs, workers became more efficient, with fewer falls into pits and faster food discovery, suggesting they either learned the locations of the pits or became more cautious. In any case, the ants learned about important landscape features close to their nest and the best way of navigating around it. Additionally, we examined the impact of trapped nestmates and visual landmarks. We found that pits marked with visual landmarks resulted in fewer falls. However, pits containing trapped nestmates attracted more ants, impaired food discovery and increased falling rates into pits, thereby imposing a twofold cost on ant foragers.https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.241500group foragingCataglyphislearningpit-building predatorsrescue behavioursociality
spellingShingle Adi Bar
Eden Raveh-Pal
Aziz Subach
Susanne Foitzik
Inon Scharf
Desert ants avoid ambush predator pits depending on position, visual landmarks and trapped nestmates
Royal Society Open Science
group foraging
Cataglyphis
learning
pit-building predators
rescue behaviour
sociality
title Desert ants avoid ambush predator pits depending on position, visual landmarks and trapped nestmates
title_full Desert ants avoid ambush predator pits depending on position, visual landmarks and trapped nestmates
title_fullStr Desert ants avoid ambush predator pits depending on position, visual landmarks and trapped nestmates
title_full_unstemmed Desert ants avoid ambush predator pits depending on position, visual landmarks and trapped nestmates
title_short Desert ants avoid ambush predator pits depending on position, visual landmarks and trapped nestmates
title_sort desert ants avoid ambush predator pits depending on position visual landmarks and trapped nestmates
topic group foraging
Cataglyphis
learning
pit-building predators
rescue behaviour
sociality
url https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.241500
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AT azizsubach desertantsavoidambushpredatorpitsdependingonpositionvisuallandmarksandtrappednestmates
AT susannefoitzik desertantsavoidambushpredatorpitsdependingonpositionvisuallandmarksandtrappednestmates
AT inonscharf desertantsavoidambushpredatorpitsdependingonpositionvisuallandmarksandtrappednestmates