Experimental and DFT studies on the green synthesis of 2-amino-4H-chromenes using a recyclable GOQDs-NS-doped catalyst
Abstract This research presents an innovative approach for synthesizing 2-amino-4H-chromene derivatives, utilizing 30 mg of NS-doped graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) as a catalyst in a one-pot, three-component reaction conducted in ethanol. The NS-doped GOQDs were synthesized using a cost-effecti...
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Nature Portfolio
2024-12-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-82347-1 |
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| author | Parvin Beigiazaraghbelagh Shahnaz Rostamizadeh Ahmad Poursattar Marjani Aidin Bahrami Arezu Ghiasvand Zahra Arabi |
| author_facet | Parvin Beigiazaraghbelagh Shahnaz Rostamizadeh Ahmad Poursattar Marjani Aidin Bahrami Arezu Ghiasvand Zahra Arabi |
| author_sort | Parvin Beigiazaraghbelagh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This research presents an innovative approach for synthesizing 2-amino-4H-chromene derivatives, utilizing 30 mg of NS-doped graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) as a catalyst in a one-pot, three-component reaction conducted in ethanol. The NS-doped GOQDs were synthesized using a cost-effective bottom-up method through the condensation of citric acid (CA) with thiourea and the reaction was carried out at 185 $$^{\circ }$$ ∘ C, resulting in the elimination of water. The catalytic performance of the synthesized NS-doped GOQDs resulted in high product yields, achieving up to 98% for the 2-amino-4H-chromene derivatives from aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile, resorcinol, $$\beta$$ β -naphthol, and dimedone. The reaction showcased rapid completion time (typically < 2 h), low-cost reagents, and easy work-up procedures. In addition, the study integrates experimental and theoretical analyses, including density functional theory (DFT) calculations, to investigate the electronic properties of the synthesized compounds. Calculated HOMO and LUMO energies indicate efficient charge transfer within the molecular structure. The FT-IR spectra of compound 4c were recorded in the range of 4000–500 cm $${^{-1}}$$ - 1 , and vibrational frequencies were computed at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level, correlating well with experimental data. Detailed analyses, including Mep surfaces, Mulliken population analysis, and Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis, provide further insights into the electronic distribution and reactivity of the compounds. Furthermore, comparative $${^1}$$ 1 H and $${^{13}}$$ 13 C NMR analyses of compound 4c reveal strong agreement between computational and experimental findings. This research not only validates the synthetic method but also emphasizes the dual experimental and computational approach in understanding the structural and electronic characteristics of the 4c compound. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-90f3f869bb194f83acea4086a1039653 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-90f3f869bb194f83acea4086a10396532025-01-05T12:30:35ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-12-0114112210.1038/s41598-024-82347-1Experimental and DFT studies on the green synthesis of 2-amino-4H-chromenes using a recyclable GOQDs-NS-doped catalystParvin Beigiazaraghbelagh0Shahnaz Rostamizadeh1Ahmad Poursattar Marjani2Aidin Bahrami3Arezu Ghiasvand4Zahra Arabi5Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, K. N. Toosi University of TechnologyDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, K. N. Toosi University of TechnologyDepartment of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia UniversityDepartment of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia UniversityDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, K. N. Toosi University of TechnologyDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, K. N. Toosi University of TechnologyAbstract This research presents an innovative approach for synthesizing 2-amino-4H-chromene derivatives, utilizing 30 mg of NS-doped graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) as a catalyst in a one-pot, three-component reaction conducted in ethanol. The NS-doped GOQDs were synthesized using a cost-effective bottom-up method through the condensation of citric acid (CA) with thiourea and the reaction was carried out at 185 $$^{\circ }$$ ∘ C, resulting in the elimination of water. The catalytic performance of the synthesized NS-doped GOQDs resulted in high product yields, achieving up to 98% for the 2-amino-4H-chromene derivatives from aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile, resorcinol, $$\beta$$ β -naphthol, and dimedone. The reaction showcased rapid completion time (typically < 2 h), low-cost reagents, and easy work-up procedures. In addition, the study integrates experimental and theoretical analyses, including density functional theory (DFT) calculations, to investigate the electronic properties of the synthesized compounds. Calculated HOMO and LUMO energies indicate efficient charge transfer within the molecular structure. The FT-IR spectra of compound 4c were recorded in the range of 4000–500 cm $${^{-1}}$$ - 1 , and vibrational frequencies were computed at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level, correlating well with experimental data. Detailed analyses, including Mep surfaces, Mulliken population analysis, and Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis, provide further insights into the electronic distribution and reactivity of the compounds. Furthermore, comparative $${^1}$$ 1 H and $${^{13}}$$ 13 C NMR analyses of compound 4c reveal strong agreement between computational and experimental findings. This research not only validates the synthetic method but also emphasizes the dual experimental and computational approach in understanding the structural and electronic characteristics of the 4c compound.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-82347-1Multi-component reactionChromeneGraphene oxideElectrophilicity indexNBO analysisB3LYP/6-311+G(d |
| spellingShingle | Parvin Beigiazaraghbelagh Shahnaz Rostamizadeh Ahmad Poursattar Marjani Aidin Bahrami Arezu Ghiasvand Zahra Arabi Experimental and DFT studies on the green synthesis of 2-amino-4H-chromenes using a recyclable GOQDs-NS-doped catalyst Scientific Reports Multi-component reaction Chromene Graphene oxide Electrophilicity index NBO analysis B3LYP/6-311+G(d |
| title | Experimental and DFT studies on the green synthesis of 2-amino-4H-chromenes using a recyclable GOQDs-NS-doped catalyst |
| title_full | Experimental and DFT studies on the green synthesis of 2-amino-4H-chromenes using a recyclable GOQDs-NS-doped catalyst |
| title_fullStr | Experimental and DFT studies on the green synthesis of 2-amino-4H-chromenes using a recyclable GOQDs-NS-doped catalyst |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental and DFT studies on the green synthesis of 2-amino-4H-chromenes using a recyclable GOQDs-NS-doped catalyst |
| title_short | Experimental and DFT studies on the green synthesis of 2-amino-4H-chromenes using a recyclable GOQDs-NS-doped catalyst |
| title_sort | experimental and dft studies on the green synthesis of 2 amino 4h chromenes using a recyclable goqds ns doped catalyst |
| topic | Multi-component reaction Chromene Graphene oxide Electrophilicity index NBO analysis B3LYP/6-311+G(d |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-82347-1 |
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