Construction of the First Russian Recombinant Live Attenuated Vaccine Strain and Evaluation of Its Protection Efficacy Against Two African Swine Fever Virus Heterologous Strains of Serotype 8

<b>Background/Objectives:</b> The spread of African swine fever virus (ASFV) has led to major economic losses to pork worldwide. In Russia, there are no developed or registered vaccines against ASFV genotype II, which is associated with numerous ASFV outbreaks in populations of domestic...

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Main Authors: Andrey Koltsov, Mikhail Sukher, Sergey Krutko, Sergey Belov, Alexey Korotin, Sofia Rudakova, Sergey Morgunov, Galina Koltsova
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Vaccines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/12/1443
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author Andrey Koltsov
Mikhail Sukher
Sergey Krutko
Sergey Belov
Alexey Korotin
Sofia Rudakova
Sergey Morgunov
Galina Koltsova
author_facet Andrey Koltsov
Mikhail Sukher
Sergey Krutko
Sergey Belov
Alexey Korotin
Sofia Rudakova
Sergey Morgunov
Galina Koltsova
author_sort Andrey Koltsov
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background/Objectives:</b> The spread of African swine fever virus (ASFV) has led to major economic losses to pork worldwide. In Russia, there are no developed or registered vaccines against ASFV genotype II, which is associated with numerous ASFV outbreaks in populations of domestic pigs and wild boars in the country. <b>Methods:</b> We introduced deletions of the six MGF360 and MGF505 genes of the ASFV virulent Stavropol_01/08 strain, isolated in Russia in 2008. <b>Results:</b> We show here that this deletion did lead to full attenuation of the ASFV virulent Stavropol_01/08 strain. Animals intramuscularly inoculated with 10<sup>4</sup> HAD<sub>50</sub> of ΔMGF360/505_Stav developed a strong immune response and short period of viremia (at 3–7 days post-inoculation). Recombinant ΔMGF360/505_Stav strain provides complete protection of pigs against the ASFV parental Stavropol_01/08 strain (10<sup>3</sup> HAD<sub>50</sub>). Therefore, in our experiment, we did not detect the genome of both the virulent and the recombinant strains in the blood and organs post-challenge with the Stavropol_01/08. In contrast, we found only partial protection (40%) of the ΔMGF360/505_Stav-immunized pigs against challenge with the ASFV heterologous Rhodesia strain. Additionally, the surviving animals had a prolonged fever, and their condition was depressed for most of the experiment. <b>Conclusions:</b> Thus, the ASFV recombinant ΔMGF360/505_Stav strain is the first live attenuated vaccine (LAV) in Russia that induces complete protection in pigs challenged with the highly virulent, epidemiologically relevant strains genotype II and serotype 8. However, this ASF LAV is not able to provide a high level of protection against other variants of serotype 8.
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spelling doaj-art-909c81f4b7b1493a91dbc2e9c3662f4e2024-12-27T14:58:15ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2024-12-011212144310.3390/vaccines12121443Construction of the First Russian Recombinant Live Attenuated Vaccine Strain and Evaluation of Its Protection Efficacy Against Two African Swine Fever Virus Heterologous Strains of Serotype 8Andrey Koltsov0Mikhail Sukher1Sergey Krutko2Sergey Belov3Alexey Korotin4Sofia Rudakova5Sergey Morgunov6Galina Koltsova7Federal Research Centre for Virology and Microbiology, Academician Bakoulov Street 1, 601125 Volginsky, RussiaFederal Research Centre for Virology and Microbiology, Academician Bakoulov Street 1, 601125 Volginsky, RussiaFederal Research Centre for Virology and Microbiology, Academician Bakoulov Street 1, 601125 Volginsky, RussiaFederal Research Centre for Virology and Microbiology, Academician Bakoulov Street 1, 601125 Volginsky, RussiaFederal Research Centre for Virology and Microbiology, Academician Bakoulov Street 1, 601125 Volginsky, RussiaFederal Research Centre for Virology and Microbiology, Academician Bakoulov Street 1, 601125 Volginsky, RussiaFederal Research Centre for Virology and Microbiology, Academician Bakoulov Street 1, 601125 Volginsky, RussiaFederal Research Centre for Virology and Microbiology, Academician Bakoulov Street 1, 601125 Volginsky, Russia<b>Background/Objectives:</b> The spread of African swine fever virus (ASFV) has led to major economic losses to pork worldwide. In Russia, there are no developed or registered vaccines against ASFV genotype II, which is associated with numerous ASFV outbreaks in populations of domestic pigs and wild boars in the country. <b>Methods:</b> We introduced deletions of the six MGF360 and MGF505 genes of the ASFV virulent Stavropol_01/08 strain, isolated in Russia in 2008. <b>Results:</b> We show here that this deletion did lead to full attenuation of the ASFV virulent Stavropol_01/08 strain. Animals intramuscularly inoculated with 10<sup>4</sup> HAD<sub>50</sub> of ΔMGF360/505_Stav developed a strong immune response and short period of viremia (at 3–7 days post-inoculation). Recombinant ΔMGF360/505_Stav strain provides complete protection of pigs against the ASFV parental Stavropol_01/08 strain (10<sup>3</sup> HAD<sub>50</sub>). Therefore, in our experiment, we did not detect the genome of both the virulent and the recombinant strains in the blood and organs post-challenge with the Stavropol_01/08. In contrast, we found only partial protection (40%) of the ΔMGF360/505_Stav-immunized pigs against challenge with the ASFV heterologous Rhodesia strain. Additionally, the surviving animals had a prolonged fever, and their condition was depressed for most of the experiment. <b>Conclusions:</b> Thus, the ASFV recombinant ΔMGF360/505_Stav strain is the first live attenuated vaccine (LAV) in Russia that induces complete protection in pigs challenged with the highly virulent, epidemiologically relevant strains genotype II and serotype 8. However, this ASF LAV is not able to provide a high level of protection against other variants of serotype 8.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/12/1443African swine feverAfrican swine fever virusMGF360MGF505serogroupserotype
spellingShingle Andrey Koltsov
Mikhail Sukher
Sergey Krutko
Sergey Belov
Alexey Korotin
Sofia Rudakova
Sergey Morgunov
Galina Koltsova
Construction of the First Russian Recombinant Live Attenuated Vaccine Strain and Evaluation of Its Protection Efficacy Against Two African Swine Fever Virus Heterologous Strains of Serotype 8
Vaccines
African swine fever
African swine fever virus
MGF360
MGF505
serogroup
serotype
title Construction of the First Russian Recombinant Live Attenuated Vaccine Strain and Evaluation of Its Protection Efficacy Against Two African Swine Fever Virus Heterologous Strains of Serotype 8
title_full Construction of the First Russian Recombinant Live Attenuated Vaccine Strain and Evaluation of Its Protection Efficacy Against Two African Swine Fever Virus Heterologous Strains of Serotype 8
title_fullStr Construction of the First Russian Recombinant Live Attenuated Vaccine Strain and Evaluation of Its Protection Efficacy Against Two African Swine Fever Virus Heterologous Strains of Serotype 8
title_full_unstemmed Construction of the First Russian Recombinant Live Attenuated Vaccine Strain and Evaluation of Its Protection Efficacy Against Two African Swine Fever Virus Heterologous Strains of Serotype 8
title_short Construction of the First Russian Recombinant Live Attenuated Vaccine Strain and Evaluation of Its Protection Efficacy Against Two African Swine Fever Virus Heterologous Strains of Serotype 8
title_sort construction of the first russian recombinant live attenuated vaccine strain and evaluation of its protection efficacy against two african swine fever virus heterologous strains of serotype 8
topic African swine fever
African swine fever virus
MGF360
MGF505
serogroup
serotype
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/12/1443
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