Unveiling the phloem: a battleground for plant pathogens
Abstract Phloem is the primary conduit for transporting photosynthates and signaling molecules in plants, facilitating communication between various plant organs. As an ancient vascular tissue, phloem transports sugars, proteins, and hormones from source tissues to sinks over long distances. However...
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BMC
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Phytopathology Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s42483-024-00286-1 |
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| author | Mohammad Waris Haider Arpana Sharma Anik Majumdar Falak Fayaz Ferdaws Bromand Upasana Rani Vaibhav Kumar Singh Mahender Singh Saharan Rahul Kumar Tiwari Milan Kumar Lal Ravinder Kumar |
| author_facet | Mohammad Waris Haider Arpana Sharma Anik Majumdar Falak Fayaz Ferdaws Bromand Upasana Rani Vaibhav Kumar Singh Mahender Singh Saharan Rahul Kumar Tiwari Milan Kumar Lal Ravinder Kumar |
| author_sort | Mohammad Waris Haider |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Phloem is the primary conduit for transporting photosynthates and signaling molecules in plants, facilitating communication between various plant organs. As an ancient vascular tissue, phloem transports sugars, proteins, and hormones from source tissues to sinks over long distances. However, this vital transport system also serves as a battlefield where plants and pathogens compete for survival. The phloem’s nutrient-rich environment offers pathogens a secure habitat, protecting them from external threats while providing ample metabolic resources. Phloem-feeding insects, bacteria, fungi, and viruses exploit this system to access nutrients, leading to widespread diseases and yield losses. These insects can also transmit pathogens, such as viruses, which can evade the plants’ defense systems, causing systemic damage throughout the transport network. This review describes the mechanisms by which pathogens invade and colonize the phloem, the plant’s defense strategies, and their dynamic interactions. Understanding the phloem’s structural intricacies, physiological functions, and defense mechanisms provides a foundation for comprehending phloem–pathogen interactions. Insights into these interactions at the molecular level are crucial for developing innovative and effective disease management strategies. Genomics, proteomics, and bioinformatics advances have elucidated the interactions between phloem defenses and pathogen offenses. Finally, this review discusses integrated disease management strategies to counteract these pathogens, paving the way for improving plant health and resilience. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-90178275fd794ebf9cba1b88b3f24e6b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2524-4167 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Phytopathology Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-90178275fd794ebf9cba1b88b3f24e6b2024-11-24T12:13:13ZengBMCPhytopathology Research2524-41672024-11-016112310.1186/s42483-024-00286-1Unveiling the phloem: a battleground for plant pathogensMohammad Waris Haider0Arpana Sharma1Anik Majumdar2Falak Fayaz3Ferdaws Bromand4Upasana Rani5Vaibhav Kumar Singh6Mahender Singh Saharan7Rahul Kumar Tiwari8Milan Kumar Lal9Ravinder Kumar10Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research InstituteDepartment of Plant Pathology, Punjab Agricultural UniversityDivision of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research InstituteDivision of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research InstituteDepartment of Plant Pathology, Punjab Agricultural UniversityDepartment of Plant Pathology, Punjab Agricultural UniversityDivision of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research InstituteDivision of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research InstituteDivision of Crop Protection, Indian Institute of Sugarcane ResearchCrop Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-National Rice Research InstituteDivision of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research InstituteAbstract Phloem is the primary conduit for transporting photosynthates and signaling molecules in plants, facilitating communication between various plant organs. As an ancient vascular tissue, phloem transports sugars, proteins, and hormones from source tissues to sinks over long distances. However, this vital transport system also serves as a battlefield where plants and pathogens compete for survival. The phloem’s nutrient-rich environment offers pathogens a secure habitat, protecting them from external threats while providing ample metabolic resources. Phloem-feeding insects, bacteria, fungi, and viruses exploit this system to access nutrients, leading to widespread diseases and yield losses. These insects can also transmit pathogens, such as viruses, which can evade the plants’ defense systems, causing systemic damage throughout the transport network. This review describes the mechanisms by which pathogens invade and colonize the phloem, the plant’s defense strategies, and their dynamic interactions. Understanding the phloem’s structural intricacies, physiological functions, and defense mechanisms provides a foundation for comprehending phloem–pathogen interactions. Insights into these interactions at the molecular level are crucial for developing innovative and effective disease management strategies. Genomics, proteomics, and bioinformatics advances have elucidated the interactions between phloem defenses and pathogen offenses. Finally, this review discusses integrated disease management strategies to counteract these pathogens, paving the way for improving plant health and resilience.https://doi.org/10.1186/s42483-024-00286-1PhloemVascular tissuePlant nutrient transportPathogensTransport pathwaysBacteria and viruses |
| spellingShingle | Mohammad Waris Haider Arpana Sharma Anik Majumdar Falak Fayaz Ferdaws Bromand Upasana Rani Vaibhav Kumar Singh Mahender Singh Saharan Rahul Kumar Tiwari Milan Kumar Lal Ravinder Kumar Unveiling the phloem: a battleground for plant pathogens Phytopathology Research Phloem Vascular tissue Plant nutrient transport Pathogens Transport pathways Bacteria and viruses |
| title | Unveiling the phloem: a battleground for plant pathogens |
| title_full | Unveiling the phloem: a battleground for plant pathogens |
| title_fullStr | Unveiling the phloem: a battleground for plant pathogens |
| title_full_unstemmed | Unveiling the phloem: a battleground for plant pathogens |
| title_short | Unveiling the phloem: a battleground for plant pathogens |
| title_sort | unveiling the phloem a battleground for plant pathogens |
| topic | Phloem Vascular tissue Plant nutrient transport Pathogens Transport pathways Bacteria and viruses |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s42483-024-00286-1 |
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