Cardiac Surgery and Transcatheter Intervention for Valvular Heart Disease in Carcinoid Syndrome: Risk Factors, Outcomes, and Evolving Therapeutic Strategies

Cardiac Surgery and Transcatheter Intervention for Valvular Heart Disease in Carcinoid Syndrome: Risk Factors, Outcomes, and Evolving Therapeutic Strategies

Carcinoid heart disease (CHD) affects right-sided valves and causes significant mortality and morbidity. Even though the pathophysiology of the disease is not entirely understood, it is known that chronic exposure to high levels of circulating serotonin is the main factor responsible for developing...

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Main Authors: Mariagrazia Piscione, Valeria Cammalleri, Giorgio Antonelli, Valeria Maria De Luca, Myriam Carpenito, Dario Gaudio, Nino Cocco, Antonio Nenna, Carmelo Dominici, Antonio Bianchi, Francesco Grigioni, Gian Paolo Ussia
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
Subjects:
carcinoid heart disease
surgical valve replacement
transcatheter edge-to-edge repair
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2308-3425/11/11/359
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