Double Superposed Epoch Analysis of Geomagnetic Storms and Corresponding Solar Wind and IMF in Solar Cycles 23 and 24
Abstract The weakest solar cycle 24 (SC24, 2010–2019) in 100 years was 1/3rd less active compared to the previous solar cycle 23 (SC23, 1996–2009). We identify 135 and 61 ICME (interplanetary coronal mass ejection) driven clear geomagnetic storms (DstMin ≤ −50 nT) in SC23 and SC24, respectively, giv...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2023-03-01
|
| Series: | Space Weather |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2022SW003314 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1841536501793423360 |
|---|---|
| author | V. Manu N. Balan Qing‐He Zhang Zan‐Yang Xing |
| author_facet | V. Manu N. Balan Qing‐He Zhang Zan‐Yang Xing |
| author_sort | V. Manu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The weakest solar cycle 24 (SC24, 2010–2019) in 100 years was 1/3rd less active compared to the previous solar cycle 23 (SC23, 1996–2009). We identify 135 and 61 ICME (interplanetary coronal mass ejection) driven clear geomagnetic storms (DstMin ≤ −50 nT) in SC23 and SC24, respectively, giving a reduction of 55% storms in SC24, and present the double superposed epoch analysis (DSEA) of the storms/activities in SC23 and SC24 using the Dst, symmetric H (SymH), Kp and AE indices. The DSEA method for the corresponding solar wind velocity V, north‐south component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF Bz) and the product VBz are also presented. Compared to SC23, the maximum storm/activity intensity in SC24 reduces by 52%, 12%, and 45% at low, mid and high latitudes and the corresponding maxima in ‐VBz, V, and ‐Bz reduce by 39%, 17%, and 38%, respectively. The epoch average storm/activity intensity reduces by 27%, 11%, and 4% at low, mid and high latitudes and average maxima in ‐VBz, V, and ‐Bz reduce by 24%, 14%, and 13%, respectively. The results seem to reveal that the average reduction in the main driver ‐VBz (∼24%) might have caused nearly the same and equal average storm/activity intensity reductions in all latitudes (∼25%), though the irregular nature of the AE index makes the reduction very small (4%) at high latitudes, and small (∼11%) at mid latitudes mainly due to the small (0–9) quasi logarithmic scale of the Kp index. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8fe5b0bc9cc947c0847bf2da56390a05 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1542-7390 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Space Weather |
| spelling | doaj-art-8fe5b0bc9cc947c0847bf2da56390a052025-01-14T16:27:17ZengWileySpace Weather1542-73902023-03-01213n/an/a10.1029/2022SW003314Double Superposed Epoch Analysis of Geomagnetic Storms and Corresponding Solar Wind and IMF in Solar Cycles 23 and 24V. Manu0N. Balan1Qing‐He Zhang2Zan‐Yang Xing3Institute of Space Sciences Shandong University Weihai ChinaInstitute of Space Sciences Shandong University Weihai ChinaInstitute of Space Sciences Shandong University Weihai ChinaInstitute of Space Sciences Shandong University Weihai ChinaAbstract The weakest solar cycle 24 (SC24, 2010–2019) in 100 years was 1/3rd less active compared to the previous solar cycle 23 (SC23, 1996–2009). We identify 135 and 61 ICME (interplanetary coronal mass ejection) driven clear geomagnetic storms (DstMin ≤ −50 nT) in SC23 and SC24, respectively, giving a reduction of 55% storms in SC24, and present the double superposed epoch analysis (DSEA) of the storms/activities in SC23 and SC24 using the Dst, symmetric H (SymH), Kp and AE indices. The DSEA method for the corresponding solar wind velocity V, north‐south component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF Bz) and the product VBz are also presented. Compared to SC23, the maximum storm/activity intensity in SC24 reduces by 52%, 12%, and 45% at low, mid and high latitudes and the corresponding maxima in ‐VBz, V, and ‐Bz reduce by 39%, 17%, and 38%, respectively. The epoch average storm/activity intensity reduces by 27%, 11%, and 4% at low, mid and high latitudes and average maxima in ‐VBz, V, and ‐Bz reduce by 24%, 14%, and 13%, respectively. The results seem to reveal that the average reduction in the main driver ‐VBz (∼24%) might have caused nearly the same and equal average storm/activity intensity reductions in all latitudes (∼25%), though the irregular nature of the AE index makes the reduction very small (4%) at high latitudes, and small (∼11%) at mid latitudes mainly due to the small (0–9) quasi logarithmic scale of the Kp index.https://doi.org/10.1029/2022SW003314geomagnetic stormsweak solar cycle 24solar wind and IMFdouble superposed epoch analysis |
| spellingShingle | V. Manu N. Balan Qing‐He Zhang Zan‐Yang Xing Double Superposed Epoch Analysis of Geomagnetic Storms and Corresponding Solar Wind and IMF in Solar Cycles 23 and 24 Space Weather geomagnetic storms weak solar cycle 24 solar wind and IMF double superposed epoch analysis |
| title | Double Superposed Epoch Analysis of Geomagnetic Storms and Corresponding Solar Wind and IMF in Solar Cycles 23 and 24 |
| title_full | Double Superposed Epoch Analysis of Geomagnetic Storms and Corresponding Solar Wind and IMF in Solar Cycles 23 and 24 |
| title_fullStr | Double Superposed Epoch Analysis of Geomagnetic Storms and Corresponding Solar Wind and IMF in Solar Cycles 23 and 24 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Double Superposed Epoch Analysis of Geomagnetic Storms and Corresponding Solar Wind and IMF in Solar Cycles 23 and 24 |
| title_short | Double Superposed Epoch Analysis of Geomagnetic Storms and Corresponding Solar Wind and IMF in Solar Cycles 23 and 24 |
| title_sort | double superposed epoch analysis of geomagnetic storms and corresponding solar wind and imf in solar cycles 23 and 24 |
| topic | geomagnetic storms weak solar cycle 24 solar wind and IMF double superposed epoch analysis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2022SW003314 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT vmanu doublesuperposedepochanalysisofgeomagneticstormsandcorrespondingsolarwindandimfinsolarcycles23and24 AT nbalan doublesuperposedepochanalysisofgeomagneticstormsandcorrespondingsolarwindandimfinsolarcycles23and24 AT qinghezhang doublesuperposedepochanalysisofgeomagneticstormsandcorrespondingsolarwindandimfinsolarcycles23and24 AT zanyangxing doublesuperposedepochanalysisofgeomagneticstormsandcorrespondingsolarwindandimfinsolarcycles23and24 |