Nationwide trends in the epidemiology of diabetic foot complications and lower-extremity amputation over an 8-year period

Objective To study the prevalence and trends of lower extremity complications of diabetes over an 8-year period in a single nation.Research design and methods Nationwide data for people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and diabetic foot complications (DFCs) were analyzed over an 8-year period (2007–2014)...

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Main Authors: David G Armstrong, Cheng-Wei Lin, Chia-Hung Lin, Pi-Hua Liu, Shih-Yuan Hung, Shu-Ru Lee, Chung-Huei Huang, Yu-Yao Huang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2019-05-01
Series:BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care
Online Access:https://drc.bmj.com/content/7/1/e000795.full
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author David G Armstrong
Cheng-Wei Lin
Chia-Hung Lin
Pi-Hua Liu
Shih-Yuan Hung
Shu-Ru Lee
Chung-Huei Huang
Yu-Yao Huang
author_facet David G Armstrong
Cheng-Wei Lin
Chia-Hung Lin
Pi-Hua Liu
Shih-Yuan Hung
Shu-Ru Lee
Chung-Huei Huang
Yu-Yao Huang
author_sort David G Armstrong
collection DOAJ
description Objective To study the prevalence and trends of lower extremity complications of diabetes over an 8-year period in a single nation.Research design and methods Nationwide data for people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and diabetic foot complications (DFCs) were analyzed over an 8-year period (2007–2014) from National Health Insurance Research Database using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision disease coding. The DFCs were defined as ulcers, infections, gangrene, and hospitalization for peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Trends of patient characteristics, foot presentation, and the execution of major procedures were studied, including lower-extremity amputations (LEAs).Results Along with the T2D population increasing over time, the absolute number of people with DFCs increased by 33.4%, but retained a prevalence of around 2% per year. The annual incident of LEAs decreased from 2.85 to 2.06 per 1000 T2D population (p=0.001) with the major LEA proportion decreasing from 56.2% to 47.4% (p<0.001).The mean age of patients increased from 65.3 to 66.3 years and most of the associated comorbidities of diabetes were increased. For example, end-stage renal disease increased from 4.9% to 7.7% (p=0.008). The incidence of gangrene on presentation decreased from 14.7% to 11.3% (p<0.001) with a concomitant increase in vascular interventions (6.2% to 19.5%, p<0.001).Conclusions DFCs remain a sustained major medical problem. These nationwide long-term data suggest trends toward older people with greater comorbidities such as PAD and renal disease. Nevertheless, promising trends of reducing gangrene on presentation paired with increases in vascular interventions support continued vigilance and rapid, coordinated interdisciplinary diabetic foot care.
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spelling doaj-art-8f708da7897c45b0a36a09bb59f2f8db2024-12-15T15:35:09ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care2052-48972019-05-017110.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000795Nationwide trends in the epidemiology of diabetic foot complications and lower-extremity amputation over an 8-year periodDavid G Armstrong0Cheng-Wei Lin1Chia-Hung Lin2Pi-Hua Liu3Shih-Yuan Hung4Shu-Ru Lee5Chung-Huei Huang6Yu-Yao Huang7Department of Surgery, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Main Branch, Taoyuan, TaiwanDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Main Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwandirector3 Clinical Informatics and Medical Statistics Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Main Branch, Taoyuan, TaiwanDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, TaiwanObjective To study the prevalence and trends of lower extremity complications of diabetes over an 8-year period in a single nation.Research design and methods Nationwide data for people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and diabetic foot complications (DFCs) were analyzed over an 8-year period (2007–2014) from National Health Insurance Research Database using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision disease coding. The DFCs were defined as ulcers, infections, gangrene, and hospitalization for peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Trends of patient characteristics, foot presentation, and the execution of major procedures were studied, including lower-extremity amputations (LEAs).Results Along with the T2D population increasing over time, the absolute number of people with DFCs increased by 33.4%, but retained a prevalence of around 2% per year. The annual incident of LEAs decreased from 2.85 to 2.06 per 1000 T2D population (p=0.001) with the major LEA proportion decreasing from 56.2% to 47.4% (p<0.001).The mean age of patients increased from 65.3 to 66.3 years and most of the associated comorbidities of diabetes were increased. For example, end-stage renal disease increased from 4.9% to 7.7% (p=0.008). The incidence of gangrene on presentation decreased from 14.7% to 11.3% (p<0.001) with a concomitant increase in vascular interventions (6.2% to 19.5%, p<0.001).Conclusions DFCs remain a sustained major medical problem. These nationwide long-term data suggest trends toward older people with greater comorbidities such as PAD and renal disease. Nevertheless, promising trends of reducing gangrene on presentation paired with increases in vascular interventions support continued vigilance and rapid, coordinated interdisciplinary diabetic foot care.https://drc.bmj.com/content/7/1/e000795.full
spellingShingle David G Armstrong
Cheng-Wei Lin
Chia-Hung Lin
Pi-Hua Liu
Shih-Yuan Hung
Shu-Ru Lee
Chung-Huei Huang
Yu-Yao Huang
Nationwide trends in the epidemiology of diabetic foot complications and lower-extremity amputation over an 8-year period
BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care
title Nationwide trends in the epidemiology of diabetic foot complications and lower-extremity amputation over an 8-year period
title_full Nationwide trends in the epidemiology of diabetic foot complications and lower-extremity amputation over an 8-year period
title_fullStr Nationwide trends in the epidemiology of diabetic foot complications and lower-extremity amputation over an 8-year period
title_full_unstemmed Nationwide trends in the epidemiology of diabetic foot complications and lower-extremity amputation over an 8-year period
title_short Nationwide trends in the epidemiology of diabetic foot complications and lower-extremity amputation over an 8-year period
title_sort nationwide trends in the epidemiology of diabetic foot complications and lower extremity amputation over an 8 year period
url https://drc.bmj.com/content/7/1/e000795.full
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