Cognitive impairment in a primary healthcare population: a cross-sectional study on the island of Crete, Greece
Objectives Cognitive impairment is known to have a significant impact on the quality of life of individuals and their caregivers, yet it is often underdiagnosed. The objective of this study is to assess the extent of cognitive impairment among elders visiting primary healthcare (PHC) practice settin...
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BMJ Publishing Group
2020-09-01
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| Series: | BMJ Open |
| Online Access: | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/9/e035551.full |
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| author | Panagiotis Simos Simeon Panagiotakis Joanna Moschandreas Dimitrios Boumpas Antonios Konstantinos Bertsias Ioanna Tsiligianni Sophia Papadakis Ioannis Zaganas George Duijker Emmanouil K Symvoulakis Polyvios Papadokostakis Kornilia Makri Eliza Iatraki Chariklia Tziraki Maria Basta Alexandros Vgontzas Christos Lionis |
| author_facet | Panagiotis Simos Simeon Panagiotakis Joanna Moschandreas Dimitrios Boumpas Antonios Konstantinos Bertsias Ioanna Tsiligianni Sophia Papadakis Ioannis Zaganas George Duijker Emmanouil K Symvoulakis Polyvios Papadokostakis Kornilia Makri Eliza Iatraki Chariklia Tziraki Maria Basta Alexandros Vgontzas Christos Lionis |
| author_sort | Panagiotis Simos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives Cognitive impairment is known to have a significant impact on the quality of life of individuals and their caregivers, yet it is often underdiagnosed. The objective of this study is to assess the extent of cognitive impairment among elders visiting primary healthcare (PHC) practice settings, to explore associated risk factors and discuss current care challenges for PHC providers.Design A cross-sectional study was conducted between March 2013 and May 2014.Setting Fourteen PHC units located in rural and urban areas of the Heraklion district in Crete, Greece.Participants Consecutive visitors aged at least 60 years attending selected PHC practices.Primary and secondary outcome measures The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to indicate cognitive status. Associations of low MMSE scores (≤23/24, adjusted for education level) with 12 socio-demographic factors, comorbidities and lifestyle factors were assessed.Results A total of 3140 PHC patients met inclusion criteria (43.2% male; mean age 73.7±7.8 years). The average MMSE score was 26.0±3.8; 26.7±3.5 in male and 25.4±3.9 in female participants (p<0.0001). Low MMSE scores were detected in 20.2% of participants; 25.9% for females vs 12.8% for males; p<0.0001. Female gender (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.72; 95% CI 2.31 to 3.47), age (AOR=1.11; 95% CI 1.10 to 1.13), having received only primary or no formal education (AOR=2.87; 95% CI 2.26 to 3.65), alcohol intake (AOR=1.19; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.37), reporting one or more sleep complaints (AOR 1.63; 95% CI 1.14 to 2.32), dyslipidaemia (AOR=0.80; 95% CI 0.65 to 0.98) and history of depression (AOR=1.90; 95% CI 1.43 to 2.52) were associated with low MMSE scores.Conclusions This study identified a relatively high prevalence of low MMSE scores among persons attending PHC practices in a southern European community setting and associations with several known risk factors. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8e69ebb38f16495e93199f4301f2dafa |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2044-6055 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMJ Open |
| spelling | doaj-art-8e69ebb38f16495e93199f4301f2dafa2025-01-09T02:35:10ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552020-09-0110910.1136/bmjopen-2019-035551Cognitive impairment in a primary healthcare population: a cross-sectional study on the island of Crete, GreecePanagiotis Simos0Simeon Panagiotakis1Joanna Moschandreas2Dimitrios Boumpas3Antonios Konstantinos Bertsias4Ioanna Tsiligianni5Sophia Papadakis6Ioannis Zaganas7George Duijker8Emmanouil K Symvoulakis9Polyvios Papadokostakis10Kornilia Makri11Eliza Iatraki12Chariklia Tziraki13Maria Basta14Alexandros Vgontzas15Christos Lionis16Department of Psychiatry, University of Crete Faculty of Medicine, Heraklion, GreeceDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Crete Faculty of Medicine, Heraklion, GreeceDepartment of Social Medicine, University of Crete Faculty of Medicine, Heraklion, GreeceLaboratory of Autoimmunity and Inflammation, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, GreeceClinic of Social and Family Medicine, University of Crete Faculty of Medicine, Heraklion, GreeceClinic of Social and Family Medicine, University of Crete Faculty of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece3 Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, GreeceDepartment of Neurology, University of Crete Faculty of Medicine, Heraklion, GreeceClinic of Social and Family Medicine, University of Crete Faculty of Medicine, Heraklion, GreeceClinic of Social and Family Medicine, University of Crete Faculty of Medicine, Heraklion, GreeceClinic of Social and Family Medicine, University of Crete Faculty of Medicine, Heraklion, GreeceClinic of Social and Family Medicine, University of Crete Faculty of Medicine, Heraklion, GreeceClinic of Social and Family Medicine, University of Crete Faculty of Medicine, Heraklion, GreeceGerontological Data Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Jerusalem, IsraelDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Crete Faculty of Medicine, Heraklion, GreeceDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Crete Faculty of Medicine, Heraklion, GreeceClinic of Social and Family Medicine, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, GreeceObjectives Cognitive impairment is known to have a significant impact on the quality of life of individuals and their caregivers, yet it is often underdiagnosed. The objective of this study is to assess the extent of cognitive impairment among elders visiting primary healthcare (PHC) practice settings, to explore associated risk factors and discuss current care challenges for PHC providers.Design A cross-sectional study was conducted between March 2013 and May 2014.Setting Fourteen PHC units located in rural and urban areas of the Heraklion district in Crete, Greece.Participants Consecutive visitors aged at least 60 years attending selected PHC practices.Primary and secondary outcome measures The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to indicate cognitive status. Associations of low MMSE scores (≤23/24, adjusted for education level) with 12 socio-demographic factors, comorbidities and lifestyle factors were assessed.Results A total of 3140 PHC patients met inclusion criteria (43.2% male; mean age 73.7±7.8 years). The average MMSE score was 26.0±3.8; 26.7±3.5 in male and 25.4±3.9 in female participants (p<0.0001). Low MMSE scores were detected in 20.2% of participants; 25.9% for females vs 12.8% for males; p<0.0001. Female gender (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.72; 95% CI 2.31 to 3.47), age (AOR=1.11; 95% CI 1.10 to 1.13), having received only primary or no formal education (AOR=2.87; 95% CI 2.26 to 3.65), alcohol intake (AOR=1.19; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.37), reporting one or more sleep complaints (AOR 1.63; 95% CI 1.14 to 2.32), dyslipidaemia (AOR=0.80; 95% CI 0.65 to 0.98) and history of depression (AOR=1.90; 95% CI 1.43 to 2.52) were associated with low MMSE scores.Conclusions This study identified a relatively high prevalence of low MMSE scores among persons attending PHC practices in a southern European community setting and associations with several known risk factors.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/9/e035551.full |
| spellingShingle | Panagiotis Simos Simeon Panagiotakis Joanna Moschandreas Dimitrios Boumpas Antonios Konstantinos Bertsias Ioanna Tsiligianni Sophia Papadakis Ioannis Zaganas George Duijker Emmanouil K Symvoulakis Polyvios Papadokostakis Kornilia Makri Eliza Iatraki Chariklia Tziraki Maria Basta Alexandros Vgontzas Christos Lionis Cognitive impairment in a primary healthcare population: a cross-sectional study on the island of Crete, Greece BMJ Open |
| title | Cognitive impairment in a primary healthcare population: a cross-sectional study on the island of Crete, Greece |
| title_full | Cognitive impairment in a primary healthcare population: a cross-sectional study on the island of Crete, Greece |
| title_fullStr | Cognitive impairment in a primary healthcare population: a cross-sectional study on the island of Crete, Greece |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cognitive impairment in a primary healthcare population: a cross-sectional study on the island of Crete, Greece |
| title_short | Cognitive impairment in a primary healthcare population: a cross-sectional study on the island of Crete, Greece |
| title_sort | cognitive impairment in a primary healthcare population a cross sectional study on the island of crete greece |
| url | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/9/e035551.full |
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