Imaging Spectroscopy: Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing with the PSI Tetracorder and Expert Systems from Rovers to EMIT and Beyond
A system for rapid analysis of spectroscopy data with emphasis on planetary surfaces, both imaging and single-spectrum data, is described. The system, called Tetracorder, is commanded by an expert system developed by expert spectroscopists. The Tetracorder and the expert system apply multiple algori...
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IOP Publishing
2024-01-01
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| Series: | The Planetary Science Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/PSJ/ad6c3a |
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| author | Roger N. Clark Gregg A. Swayze K. Eric Livo Philip G. Brodrick Eldar Noe Dobrea Srinivasan Vijayarangan Robert O. Green David Wettergreen Alberto Candela Amanda Hendrix Carlos Pérez García-Pando Neil C. Pearson Melissa D. Lane Adolfo González-Romero Xavier Querol the EMIT and TREX teams |
| author_facet | Roger N. Clark Gregg A. Swayze K. Eric Livo Philip G. Brodrick Eldar Noe Dobrea Srinivasan Vijayarangan Robert O. Green David Wettergreen Alberto Candela Amanda Hendrix Carlos Pérez García-Pando Neil C. Pearson Melissa D. Lane Adolfo González-Romero Xavier Querol the EMIT and TREX teams |
| author_sort | Roger N. Clark |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A system for rapid analysis of spectroscopy data with emphasis on planetary surfaces, both imaging and single-spectrum data, is described. The system, called Tetracorder, is commanded by an expert system developed by expert spectroscopists. The Tetracorder and the expert system apply multiple algorithms to analyze a spectrum in segments, leveraging the advantages of each spectral region’s sensitivity to detecting different compounds, whether solid, liquid, or gas. The algorithms compare measured spectra to the spectral properties of materials in spectral libraries. The libraries include pure minerals, mineral mixtures that include areal mixtures, intimate mixtures, coatings, and molecular mixtures and other compounds such as organics, vegetation, liquids, and gases. Absorption bands of a particulate surface change shape with grain size, and shape changes are used in some cases to constrain grain size of each component in the surface. The different algorithm results are compared for each spectral region, and specific material composition and average grain size (when possible) are identified. The system is operational analyzing real-time data on a new generation of rovers for future planetary missions, as well as identifying materials using an imaging spectrometer on the International Space Station. Four abundance models are presented, each with increasing sophistication, that are computationally fast on imaging spectrometer data and use Tetracorder identifications to produce maps of mineral abundances. A fifth full radiative model that includes multilayer surfaces is presented but is computationally intensive. The system is open source and available on GitHub. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8e13ce6180374f819b83d17b309120d7 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2632-3338 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Planetary Science Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-8e13ce6180374f819b83d17b309120d72025-01-03T14:25:58ZengIOP PublishingThe Planetary Science Journal2632-33382024-01-0151227610.3847/PSJ/ad6c3aImaging Spectroscopy: Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing with the PSI Tetracorder and Expert Systems from Rovers to EMIT and BeyondRoger N. Clark0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220Gregg A. Swayze1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-7823K. Eric Livo2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-8130Philip G. Brodrick3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9497-7661Eldar Noe Dobrea4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3078-1472Srinivasan Vijayarangan5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5078-5836Robert O. Green6https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9447-3076David Wettergreen7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4262-7018Alberto Candela8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5510-7935Amanda Hendrix9https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0435-8224Carlos Pérez García-Pando10https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4456-0697Neil C. Pearson11https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0183-1581Melissa D. Lane12https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3264-3337Adolfo González-Romero13https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0977-6019Xavier Querol14https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6549-9899the EMIT and TREX teamsPlanetary Science Institute , Tucson, AZ 85719, USA ; rclark@psi.eduUS Geological Survey , Denver, CO 80225, USAUS Geological Survey , Denver, CO 80225, USAJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91011, USAPlanetary Science Institute , Tucson, AZ 85719, USA ; rclark@psi.eduCarnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USAJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91011, USACarnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USAJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91011, USAPlanetary Science Institute , Tucson, AZ 85719, USA ; rclark@psi.eduBarcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC) , Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies , Barcelona, SpainPlanetary Science Institute , Tucson, AZ 85719, USA ; rclark@psi.eduFibernetics LLC , Lititz, PA 17543, USABarcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC) , Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Research Council, Institute of Environmental Assessment and water Research (IDAEA-CSIC) , Barcelona, Spain; Polytechnical University of Catalonia (UPC) , Environmental Engineering Doctoral Programme, Barcelona, SpainSpanish Research Council, Institute of Environmental Assessment and water Research (IDAEA-CSIC) , Barcelona, SpainA system for rapid analysis of spectroscopy data with emphasis on planetary surfaces, both imaging and single-spectrum data, is described. The system, called Tetracorder, is commanded by an expert system developed by expert spectroscopists. The Tetracorder and the expert system apply multiple algorithms to analyze a spectrum in segments, leveraging the advantages of each spectral region’s sensitivity to detecting different compounds, whether solid, liquid, or gas. The algorithms compare measured spectra to the spectral properties of materials in spectral libraries. The libraries include pure minerals, mineral mixtures that include areal mixtures, intimate mixtures, coatings, and molecular mixtures and other compounds such as organics, vegetation, liquids, and gases. Absorption bands of a particulate surface change shape with grain size, and shape changes are used in some cases to constrain grain size of each component in the surface. The different algorithm results are compared for each spectral region, and specific material composition and average grain size (when possible) are identified. The system is operational analyzing real-time data on a new generation of rovers for future planetary missions, as well as identifying materials using an imaging spectrometer on the International Space Station. Four abundance models are presented, each with increasing sophistication, that are computationally fast on imaging spectrometer data and use Tetracorder identifications to produce maps of mineral abundances. A fifth full radiative model that includes multilayer surfaces is presented but is computationally intensive. The system is open source and available on GitHub.https://doi.org/10.3847/PSJ/ad6c3aInfrared spectroscopySpectroscopyPlanetary surfacesPlanetary mineralogyRadiative transferMixture model |
| spellingShingle | Roger N. Clark Gregg A. Swayze K. Eric Livo Philip G. Brodrick Eldar Noe Dobrea Srinivasan Vijayarangan Robert O. Green David Wettergreen Alberto Candela Amanda Hendrix Carlos Pérez García-Pando Neil C. Pearson Melissa D. Lane Adolfo González-Romero Xavier Querol the EMIT and TREX teams Imaging Spectroscopy: Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing with the PSI Tetracorder and Expert Systems from Rovers to EMIT and Beyond The Planetary Science Journal Infrared spectroscopy Spectroscopy Planetary surfaces Planetary mineralogy Radiative transfer Mixture model |
| title | Imaging Spectroscopy: Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing with the PSI Tetracorder and Expert Systems from Rovers to EMIT and Beyond |
| title_full | Imaging Spectroscopy: Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing with the PSI Tetracorder and Expert Systems from Rovers to EMIT and Beyond |
| title_fullStr | Imaging Spectroscopy: Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing with the PSI Tetracorder and Expert Systems from Rovers to EMIT and Beyond |
| title_full_unstemmed | Imaging Spectroscopy: Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing with the PSI Tetracorder and Expert Systems from Rovers to EMIT and Beyond |
| title_short | Imaging Spectroscopy: Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing with the PSI Tetracorder and Expert Systems from Rovers to EMIT and Beyond |
| title_sort | imaging spectroscopy earth and planetary remote sensing with the psi tetracorder and expert systems from rovers to emit and beyond |
| topic | Infrared spectroscopy Spectroscopy Planetary surfaces Planetary mineralogy Radiative transfer Mixture model |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/PSJ/ad6c3a |
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