Estimation of Soil Organic Carbon Content of Grassland in West Songnen Plain Using Machine Learning Algorithms and Sentinel-1/2 Data
Based on multi-source data, including synthetic aperture radar (Sentinel-1, S1) and optical satellite images (Sentinel-2, S2), topographic data, and climate data, this study explored the performance and feasibility of different variable combinations in predicting SOC using three machine learning mod...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Agriculture |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/15/1640 |
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| author | Haoming Li Jingyao Xia Yadi Yang Yansu Bo Xiaoyan Li |
| author_facet | Haoming Li Jingyao Xia Yadi Yang Yansu Bo Xiaoyan Li |
| author_sort | Haoming Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Based on multi-source data, including synthetic aperture radar (Sentinel-1, S1) and optical satellite images (Sentinel-2, S2), topographic data, and climate data, this study explored the performance and feasibility of different variable combinations in predicting SOC using three machine learning models. We designed the three models based on 244 samples from the study area, using 70% of the samples for the training set and 30% for the testing set. Nine experiments were conducted under three variable scenarios to select the optimal model. We used this optimal model to achieve high-precision predictions of SOC content. Our results indicated that both S1 and S2 data are significant for SOC prediction, and the use of multi-sensor data yielded more accurate results than single-sensor data. The RF model based on the integration of S1, S2, topography, and climate data achieved the highest prediction accuracy. In terms of variable importance, the S2 data exhibited the highest contribution to SOC prediction (31.03%). The SOC contents within the study region varied between 4.16 g/kg and 29.19 g/kg, showing a clear spatial trend of higher concentrations in the east than in the west. Overall, the proposed model showed strong performance in estimating grassland SOC and offered valuable scientific guidance for grassland conservation in the western Songnen Plain. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8dfc3f0d6cdc48e894c92a4a65e84af7 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2077-0472 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj-art-8dfc3f0d6cdc48e894c92a4a65e84af72025-08-20T04:00:51ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722025-07-011515164010.3390/agriculture15151640Estimation of Soil Organic Carbon Content of Grassland in West Songnen Plain Using Machine Learning Algorithms and Sentinel-1/2 DataHaoming Li0Jingyao Xia1Yadi Yang2Yansu Bo3Xiaoyan Li4College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, ChinaCollege of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, ChinaCollege of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, ChinaCollege of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, ChinaCollege of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, ChinaBased on multi-source data, including synthetic aperture radar (Sentinel-1, S1) and optical satellite images (Sentinel-2, S2), topographic data, and climate data, this study explored the performance and feasibility of different variable combinations in predicting SOC using three machine learning models. We designed the three models based on 244 samples from the study area, using 70% of the samples for the training set and 30% for the testing set. Nine experiments were conducted under three variable scenarios to select the optimal model. We used this optimal model to achieve high-precision predictions of SOC content. Our results indicated that both S1 and S2 data are significant for SOC prediction, and the use of multi-sensor data yielded more accurate results than single-sensor data. The RF model based on the integration of S1, S2, topography, and climate data achieved the highest prediction accuracy. In terms of variable importance, the S2 data exhibited the highest contribution to SOC prediction (31.03%). The SOC contents within the study region varied between 4.16 g/kg and 29.19 g/kg, showing a clear spatial trend of higher concentrations in the east than in the west. Overall, the proposed model showed strong performance in estimating grassland SOC and offered valuable scientific guidance for grassland conservation in the western Songnen Plain.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/15/1640machine learningSentinel-1/2soil organic carbongrasslandWest Songnen Plain |
| spellingShingle | Haoming Li Jingyao Xia Yadi Yang Yansu Bo Xiaoyan Li Estimation of Soil Organic Carbon Content of Grassland in West Songnen Plain Using Machine Learning Algorithms and Sentinel-1/2 Data Agriculture machine learning Sentinel-1/2 soil organic carbon grassland West Songnen Plain |
| title | Estimation of Soil Organic Carbon Content of Grassland in West Songnen Plain Using Machine Learning Algorithms and Sentinel-1/2 Data |
| title_full | Estimation of Soil Organic Carbon Content of Grassland in West Songnen Plain Using Machine Learning Algorithms and Sentinel-1/2 Data |
| title_fullStr | Estimation of Soil Organic Carbon Content of Grassland in West Songnen Plain Using Machine Learning Algorithms and Sentinel-1/2 Data |
| title_full_unstemmed | Estimation of Soil Organic Carbon Content of Grassland in West Songnen Plain Using Machine Learning Algorithms and Sentinel-1/2 Data |
| title_short | Estimation of Soil Organic Carbon Content of Grassland in West Songnen Plain Using Machine Learning Algorithms and Sentinel-1/2 Data |
| title_sort | estimation of soil organic carbon content of grassland in west songnen plain using machine learning algorithms and sentinel 1 2 data |
| topic | machine learning Sentinel-1/2 soil organic carbon grassland West Songnen Plain |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/15/1640 |
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