Optical screening of citrus leaf diseases using label-free spectroscopic tools: A review

Citrus diseases pose threats to citrus farming and result in economic losses worldwide. Nucleic acid and serology-based methods of detection such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and immunochromatographic assays are commonly used but these laboratory...

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Main Authors: Saurav Bharadwaj, Akshita Midha, Shikha Sharma, Gurupkar Singh Sidhu, Rajesh Kumar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Journal of Agriculture and Food Research
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154324003405
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author Saurav Bharadwaj
Akshita Midha
Shikha Sharma
Gurupkar Singh Sidhu
Rajesh Kumar
author_facet Saurav Bharadwaj
Akshita Midha
Shikha Sharma
Gurupkar Singh Sidhu
Rajesh Kumar
author_sort Saurav Bharadwaj
collection DOAJ
description Citrus diseases pose threats to citrus farming and result in economic losses worldwide. Nucleic acid and serology-based methods of detection such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and immunochromatographic assays are commonly used but these laboratory tests are laborious, expensive and might be subjected to cross-reaction and contamination. Timely intervention for better control over the spread of disease is essential to minimize crop loss, as no cure is available for citrus diseases like Huanglongbing. Modern optical spectroscopic techniques offer a promising alternative to traditional methods, as they are label-free, sensitive, rapid, and non-destructive. They also demonstrate potential as a mass screening tool and could be incorporated into autonomous systems for disease detection in citrus orchards. Nevertheless, the majority of optical spectroscopic methods for citrus disease detection are still in the trial phases and, require additional efforts to be established as efficient and commercially viable methods. The review presents an overview of fundamental working principles, the state of the art, and explains the applications and limitations of the optical spectroscopy technique including the spectroscopic imaging approach (hyperspectral imaging) in the identification of diseases in citrus plants grown over a large area. The review highlights (1) majorly used optical spectroscopic tools that can potentially be utilized in field measurements, (2) their applications in screening citrus diseases through leaf spectroscopy, and (3) discusses their benefits, challenges, and limitations, including future insights on how to enhance them further for efficient label-free identification of citrus diseases. Moreover, the role of artificial intelligence is reviewed as potential effective tools for spectral analysis, enabling accurate detection of infected citrus leaves even before the appearance of visual symptoms by leveraging compositional, morphological, and chemometric characteristics of the plant leaves. The review aims to encourage researchers to enhance the development and commercialization of field-based, label-free optical tools for the rapid and early-stage screening of citrus diseases in plants.
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spelling doaj-art-8df90104cdc1445eae1244c0e0d8feb12024-12-16T05:37:17ZengElsevierJournal of Agriculture and Food Research2666-15432024-12-0118101303Optical screening of citrus leaf diseases using label-free spectroscopic tools: A reviewSaurav Bharadwaj0Akshita Midha1Shikha Sharma2Gurupkar Singh Sidhu3Rajesh Kumar4Agriculture & Water Technology Development Hub (AWaDH), Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, 140001, India; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, 140001, IndiaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, 140001, IndiaDepartment of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176062, IndiaSchool of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agriculture University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, IndiaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, 140001, India; Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, 140001, India; Corresponding author.Citrus diseases pose threats to citrus farming and result in economic losses worldwide. Nucleic acid and serology-based methods of detection such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and immunochromatographic assays are commonly used but these laboratory tests are laborious, expensive and might be subjected to cross-reaction and contamination. Timely intervention for better control over the spread of disease is essential to minimize crop loss, as no cure is available for citrus diseases like Huanglongbing. Modern optical spectroscopic techniques offer a promising alternative to traditional methods, as they are label-free, sensitive, rapid, and non-destructive. They also demonstrate potential as a mass screening tool and could be incorporated into autonomous systems for disease detection in citrus orchards. Nevertheless, the majority of optical spectroscopic methods for citrus disease detection are still in the trial phases and, require additional efforts to be established as efficient and commercially viable methods. The review presents an overview of fundamental working principles, the state of the art, and explains the applications and limitations of the optical spectroscopy technique including the spectroscopic imaging approach (hyperspectral imaging) in the identification of diseases in citrus plants grown over a large area. The review highlights (1) majorly used optical spectroscopic tools that can potentially be utilized in field measurements, (2) their applications in screening citrus diseases through leaf spectroscopy, and (3) discusses their benefits, challenges, and limitations, including future insights on how to enhance them further for efficient label-free identification of citrus diseases. Moreover, the role of artificial intelligence is reviewed as potential effective tools for spectral analysis, enabling accurate detection of infected citrus leaves even before the appearance of visual symptoms by leveraging compositional, morphological, and chemometric characteristics of the plant leaves. The review aims to encourage researchers to enhance the development and commercialization of field-based, label-free optical tools for the rapid and early-stage screening of citrus diseases in plants.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154324003405Citrus diseaseCitrus greeningFluorescence spectroscopyRaman spectroscopyHyperspectral imagingPrecision agriculture
spellingShingle Saurav Bharadwaj
Akshita Midha
Shikha Sharma
Gurupkar Singh Sidhu
Rajesh Kumar
Optical screening of citrus leaf diseases using label-free spectroscopic tools: A review
Journal of Agriculture and Food Research
Citrus disease
Citrus greening
Fluorescence spectroscopy
Raman spectroscopy
Hyperspectral imaging
Precision agriculture
title Optical screening of citrus leaf diseases using label-free spectroscopic tools: A review
title_full Optical screening of citrus leaf diseases using label-free spectroscopic tools: A review
title_fullStr Optical screening of citrus leaf diseases using label-free spectroscopic tools: A review
title_full_unstemmed Optical screening of citrus leaf diseases using label-free spectroscopic tools: A review
title_short Optical screening of citrus leaf diseases using label-free spectroscopic tools: A review
title_sort optical screening of citrus leaf diseases using label free spectroscopic tools a review
topic Citrus disease
Citrus greening
Fluorescence spectroscopy
Raman spectroscopy
Hyperspectral imaging
Precision agriculture
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154324003405
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