Aboveground Carbon Stock Estimation Based on Backpack LiDAR and UAV Multispectral Imagery at the Forest Sample Plot Scale

Aboveground carbon stocks (AGCs) in forests play an important role in understanding carbon cycle processes. The global forestry sector has been working to find fast and accurate methods to estimate forest AGCs and implement dynamic monitoring. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of back...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Rina Su, Wala Du, Yu Shan, Hong Ying, Wu Rihan, Rong Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Remote Sensing
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/21/3927
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Summary:Aboveground carbon stocks (AGCs) in forests play an important role in understanding carbon cycle processes. The global forestry sector has been working to find fast and accurate methods to estimate forest AGCs and implement dynamic monitoring. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of backpack LiDAR and UAV multispectral imagery on AGC estimation for two tree species (<i>Larix gmelinii</i> and <i>Betula platyphylla</i>) and to emphasize the accuracy of the models used. We estimated the AGC of <i>Larix gmelinii</i> and <i>B. platyphylla</i> forests using multivariate stepwise linear regression and random forest regression models using backpack LiDAR data and multi-source remote sensing data, respectively, and compared them with measured data. This study revealed that (1) the diameter at breast height (DBH) extracted from backpack LiDAR and vegetation indices (RVI and GNDVI) extracted from UAV multispectral imagery proved to be extremely effective in modeling for estimating AGCs, significantly improving the accuracy of the model. (2) Random forest regression models estimated AGCs with higher precision (Xing’an larch R<sup>2</sup> = 0.95, RMSE = 3.99; white birch R<sup>2</sup> = 0.96, RMSE = 3.45) than multiple linear regression models (Xing’an larch R<sup>2</sup> = 0.92, RMSE = 6.15; white birch R<sup>2</sup> = 0.96, RMSE = 3.57). (3) After combining backpack LiDAR and UAV multispectral data, the estimation accuracy of AGCs for both tree species (Xing’an larch R<sup>2</sup> = 0.95, white birch R<sup>2</sup> = 0.96) improved by 2% compared to using backpack LiDAR alone (Xing’an larch R<sup>2</sup> = 0.93, white birch R<sup>2</sup> = 0.94).
ISSN:2072-4292