Ground Deformation and Damage Assessment using SAR Observations: A Case Study of Hinatuan, Philippines in the 2023 Surigao Del Sur Earthquake
Earthquakes are among the major hazards that lead to economic loss every year. Rapid damage assessment is essential for a more efficient disaster response. The 2023 Surigao del Sur earthquake in the Philippines with moment magnitude (Mw) 7.4 occurred on December 2, 2023, with Hinatuan as the nearest...
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Copernicus Publications
2024-11-01
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| Series: | ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences |
| Online Access: | https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/X-5-2024/213/2024/isprs-annals-X-5-2024-213-2024.pdf |
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| author | R. K. P. Varela R. K. P. Varela |
| author_facet | R. K. P. Varela R. K. P. Varela |
| author_sort | R. K. P. Varela |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Earthquakes are among the major hazards that lead to economic loss every year. Rapid damage assessment is essential for a more efficient disaster response. The 2023 Surigao del Sur earthquake in the Philippines with moment magnitude (Mw) 7.4 occurred on December 2, 2023, with Hinatuan as the nearest municipality located 12 km south of the epicenter. Thus, this study examined the co-seismic impacts in Hinatuan using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) observations. Using phase interferometry and displacement maps to estimate the ground surface deformation, results show that the phase interferograms, Line-of-sight (LOS) displacements, and vertical displacements were consistent, with most of Hinatuan experiencing an uplift of up to 7.2 cm. In contrast, subsidence as low as –9.0 cm was observed in some isolated areas. The damage assessment conducted through change detection analysis revealed 6.15 ha (6.4%) of built area out of the total 84 ha was significantly damaged. The damage mainly occurred in the uplifted regions between 0 to 5 cm. Building codes, land-use planning, and risk management and assessment can be improved and strengthened with these findings for a more earthquake-resilient community. The findings will be a basis for disaster risk reduction and management actions. These may, furthermore, serve as a reference for the development planning of local government units, especially for urban and built-up areas. These can also be used in developing Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) materials and advisory for residents in Hinatuan and the vulnerable adjacent regions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8ce7f33f11fd4ce29d678ed6cfe796c8 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2194-9042 2194-9050 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-8ce7f33f11fd4ce29d678ed6cfe796c82024-11-12T02:16:12ZengCopernicus PublicationsISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences2194-90422194-90502024-11-01X-5-202421321810.5194/isprs-annals-X-5-2024-213-2024Ground Deformation and Damage Assessment using SAR Observations: A Case Study of Hinatuan, Philippines in the 2023 Surigao Del Sur EarthquakeR. K. P. Varela0R. K. P. Varela1Caraga State University, Ampayon, 8600 Butuan City, PhilippinesUniversité Côte d'Azur, 06200 Nice, FranceEarthquakes are among the major hazards that lead to economic loss every year. Rapid damage assessment is essential for a more efficient disaster response. The 2023 Surigao del Sur earthquake in the Philippines with moment magnitude (Mw) 7.4 occurred on December 2, 2023, with Hinatuan as the nearest municipality located 12 km south of the epicenter. Thus, this study examined the co-seismic impacts in Hinatuan using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) observations. Using phase interferometry and displacement maps to estimate the ground surface deformation, results show that the phase interferograms, Line-of-sight (LOS) displacements, and vertical displacements were consistent, with most of Hinatuan experiencing an uplift of up to 7.2 cm. In contrast, subsidence as low as –9.0 cm was observed in some isolated areas. The damage assessment conducted through change detection analysis revealed 6.15 ha (6.4%) of built area out of the total 84 ha was significantly damaged. The damage mainly occurred in the uplifted regions between 0 to 5 cm. Building codes, land-use planning, and risk management and assessment can be improved and strengthened with these findings for a more earthquake-resilient community. The findings will be a basis for disaster risk reduction and management actions. These may, furthermore, serve as a reference for the development planning of local government units, especially for urban and built-up areas. These can also be used in developing Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) materials and advisory for residents in Hinatuan and the vulnerable adjacent regions.https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/X-5-2024/213/2024/isprs-annals-X-5-2024-213-2024.pdf |
| spellingShingle | R. K. P. Varela R. K. P. Varela Ground Deformation and Damage Assessment using SAR Observations: A Case Study of Hinatuan, Philippines in the 2023 Surigao Del Sur Earthquake ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences |
| title | Ground Deformation and Damage Assessment using SAR Observations: A Case Study of Hinatuan, Philippines in the 2023 Surigao Del Sur Earthquake |
| title_full | Ground Deformation and Damage Assessment using SAR Observations: A Case Study of Hinatuan, Philippines in the 2023 Surigao Del Sur Earthquake |
| title_fullStr | Ground Deformation and Damage Assessment using SAR Observations: A Case Study of Hinatuan, Philippines in the 2023 Surigao Del Sur Earthquake |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ground Deformation and Damage Assessment using SAR Observations: A Case Study of Hinatuan, Philippines in the 2023 Surigao Del Sur Earthquake |
| title_short | Ground Deformation and Damage Assessment using SAR Observations: A Case Study of Hinatuan, Philippines in the 2023 Surigao Del Sur Earthquake |
| title_sort | ground deformation and damage assessment using sar observations a case study of hinatuan philippines in the 2023 surigao del sur earthquake |
| url | https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/X-5-2024/213/2024/isprs-annals-X-5-2024-213-2024.pdf |
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