Diminishing cooling effects of China’s largest freshwater lake due to shrinking water surfaces

Cooling is an important ecosystem service provided by lakes, yet how its strength changes over time remains unclear, particularly for lakes sensitive to climate change. We assessed the cooling effects of China’s largest freshwater lake from 1980 to 2023. On average, the lake can cool the basin land...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zhuoyu Li, Xiaosong Zhao, Xingwang Fan, Yanyu Lu, Lejun Zhao, Aoqi Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Ecological Indicators
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X25010295
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849225343449169920
author Zhuoyu Li
Xiaosong Zhao
Xingwang Fan
Yanyu Lu
Lejun Zhao
Aoqi Wu
author_facet Zhuoyu Li
Xiaosong Zhao
Xingwang Fan
Yanyu Lu
Lejun Zhao
Aoqi Wu
author_sort Zhuoyu Li
collection DOAJ
description Cooling is an important ecosystem service provided by lakes, yet how its strength changes over time remains unclear, particularly for lakes sensitive to climate change. We assessed the cooling effects of China’s largest freshwater lake from 1980 to 2023. On average, the lake can cool the basin land within 60 km, reducing the respective annual mean air temperature (Ta) and apparent temperature (AT) by 0.37 °C and 0.86 °C. The daily maximum temperatures can be lowered by up to 3 °C. A regime shift has been observed since 2003, with the lake’s cooling effect weakening by 23 % for Ta and 29 % for AT, mainly due to shrinking water surfaces and reduced water storage. As a result, the capacity of heat storage and heat release has been impaired by 17% and 37%, respectively, weakening the lake’s thermal buffering role. Extreme events exert divergent impacts: the cooling effect persisted during drought years, but a warming effect occurred during flood years due to cloud cover suppressing evaporation. Our findings highlight how hydrological changes affect lake cooling and emphasize the value of lakes in reducing extreme heat in a warming climate.
format Article
id doaj-art-8c69c85c40de4a4fb4f8d9619bd021a3
institution Kabale University
issn 1470-160X
language English
publishDate 2025-09-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series Ecological Indicators
spelling doaj-art-8c69c85c40de4a4fb4f8d9619bd021a32025-08-25T04:14:10ZengElsevierEcological Indicators1470-160X2025-09-0117811409710.1016/j.ecolind.2025.114097Diminishing cooling effects of China’s largest freshwater lake due to shrinking water surfacesZhuoyu Li0Xiaosong Zhao1Xingwang Fan2Yanyu Lu3Lejun Zhao4Aoqi Wu5State Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China; Corresponding authors.State Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China; Corresponding authors.Anhui Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Science and Satellite Remote Sensing, Hefei 230031, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, ChinaCooling is an important ecosystem service provided by lakes, yet how its strength changes over time remains unclear, particularly for lakes sensitive to climate change. We assessed the cooling effects of China’s largest freshwater lake from 1980 to 2023. On average, the lake can cool the basin land within 60 km, reducing the respective annual mean air temperature (Ta) and apparent temperature (AT) by 0.37 °C and 0.86 °C. The daily maximum temperatures can be lowered by up to 3 °C. A regime shift has been observed since 2003, with the lake’s cooling effect weakening by 23 % for Ta and 29 % for AT, mainly due to shrinking water surfaces and reduced water storage. As a result, the capacity of heat storage and heat release has been impaired by 17% and 37%, respectively, weakening the lake’s thermal buffering role. Extreme events exert divergent impacts: the cooling effect persisted during drought years, but a warming effect occurred during flood years due to cloud cover suppressing evaporation. Our findings highlight how hydrological changes affect lake cooling and emphasize the value of lakes in reducing extreme heat in a warming climate.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X25010295Lake cooling effectWater level declineApparent temperatureDroughtHeatwave
spellingShingle Zhuoyu Li
Xiaosong Zhao
Xingwang Fan
Yanyu Lu
Lejun Zhao
Aoqi Wu
Diminishing cooling effects of China’s largest freshwater lake due to shrinking water surfaces
Ecological Indicators
Lake cooling effect
Water level decline
Apparent temperature
Drought
Heatwave
title Diminishing cooling effects of China’s largest freshwater lake due to shrinking water surfaces
title_full Diminishing cooling effects of China’s largest freshwater lake due to shrinking water surfaces
title_fullStr Diminishing cooling effects of China’s largest freshwater lake due to shrinking water surfaces
title_full_unstemmed Diminishing cooling effects of China’s largest freshwater lake due to shrinking water surfaces
title_short Diminishing cooling effects of China’s largest freshwater lake due to shrinking water surfaces
title_sort diminishing cooling effects of china s largest freshwater lake due to shrinking water surfaces
topic Lake cooling effect
Water level decline
Apparent temperature
Drought
Heatwave
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X25010295
work_keys_str_mv AT zhuoyuli diminishingcoolingeffectsofchinaslargestfreshwaterlakeduetoshrinkingwatersurfaces
AT xiaosongzhao diminishingcoolingeffectsofchinaslargestfreshwaterlakeduetoshrinkingwatersurfaces
AT xingwangfan diminishingcoolingeffectsofchinaslargestfreshwaterlakeduetoshrinkingwatersurfaces
AT yanyulu diminishingcoolingeffectsofchinaslargestfreshwaterlakeduetoshrinkingwatersurfaces
AT lejunzhao diminishingcoolingeffectsofchinaslargestfreshwaterlakeduetoshrinkingwatersurfaces
AT aoqiwu diminishingcoolingeffectsofchinaslargestfreshwaterlakeduetoshrinkingwatersurfaces