A comprehensive neuroimaging review of the primary and metastatic brain tumors treated with immunotherapy: current status, and the application of advanced imaging approaches and artificial intelligence

A comprehensive neuroimaging review of the primary and metastatic brain tumors treated with immunotherapy: current status, and the application of advanced imaging approaches and artificial intelligence

Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a novel clinical therapeutic option for a variety of solid tumors over the past decades. The application of immunotherapy in primary and metastatic brain tumors continues to grow despite limitations due to the physiological characteristics of the immune system wit...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Xiang Liu, Hongyan Chen, Guirong Tan, Lijuan Zhong, Haihui Jiang, Stephen M. Smith, Henry Z. Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-11-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
Subjects:
immunotherapy
brain metastasis
malignant glioma
tumor progression
pseudoprogression
advanced imaging
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1496627/full
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