Harnessing GABA Pathways to Improve Plant Resilience Against Salt Stress
Salinity has emerged as a critical abiotic stress factor, significantly limiting the growth, productivity, and quality of many crop species. As the global salinization of agricultural land continues to intensify, it is crucial to explore effective mitigation strategies to sustain crop yields. γ-Amin...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Horticulturae |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/12/1296 |
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| author | Jameel Mohammed Al-Khayri Mohamed Abdel-Haleem Emad Hamdy Khedr |
| author_facet | Jameel Mohammed Al-Khayri Mohamed Abdel-Haleem Emad Hamdy Khedr |
| author_sort | Jameel Mohammed Al-Khayri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Salinity has emerged as a critical abiotic stress factor, significantly limiting the growth, productivity, and quality of many crop species. As the global salinization of agricultural land continues to intensify, it is crucial to explore effective mitigation strategies to sustain crop yields. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), a non-protein amino acid, is present in a variety of organisms, including plants, where it fulfills diverse roles under both optimal and stress conditions. In plants, GABA is intricately involved in nitrogen metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, and the regulation of primary and secondary metabolic pathways. Functioning through the GABA shunt, it provides the carbon skeletons and energy required for biosynthetic processes and is vital for the regulation of carbon and nitrogen balance. Under abiotic stress conditions, particularly salinity, GABA rapidly accumulates, facilitating several protective mechanisms that help plants cope with stress. These include enhancing osmotic adjustment through the accumulation of osmolytes, protecting cellular structures such as chloroplasts, and improving chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic efficiency. Moreover, GABA has been shown to boost antioxidant enzyme activity, reducing oxidative stress and mitigating the damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) under salinity conditions. This study explores the multifaceted role of GABA in plants under saline environments, with a focus on its physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms in enhancing plant resilience. By elucidating these mechanisms, we aim to highlight the potential of GABA as a natural biostimulant to improve crop performance and sustainability in saline soils. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8b9edb30bca44e8a93107184e289f11c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2311-7524 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Horticulturae |
| spelling | doaj-art-8b9edb30bca44e8a93107184e289f11c2024-12-27T14:29:12ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242024-12-011012129610.3390/horticulturae10121296Harnessing GABA Pathways to Improve Plant Resilience Against Salt StressJameel Mohammed Al-Khayri0Mohamed Abdel-Haleem1Emad Hamdy Khedr2Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, EgyptDepartment of Pomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, EgyptSalinity has emerged as a critical abiotic stress factor, significantly limiting the growth, productivity, and quality of many crop species. As the global salinization of agricultural land continues to intensify, it is crucial to explore effective mitigation strategies to sustain crop yields. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), a non-protein amino acid, is present in a variety of organisms, including plants, where it fulfills diverse roles under both optimal and stress conditions. In plants, GABA is intricately involved in nitrogen metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, and the regulation of primary and secondary metabolic pathways. Functioning through the GABA shunt, it provides the carbon skeletons and energy required for biosynthetic processes and is vital for the regulation of carbon and nitrogen balance. Under abiotic stress conditions, particularly salinity, GABA rapidly accumulates, facilitating several protective mechanisms that help plants cope with stress. These include enhancing osmotic adjustment through the accumulation of osmolytes, protecting cellular structures such as chloroplasts, and improving chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic efficiency. Moreover, GABA has been shown to boost antioxidant enzyme activity, reducing oxidative stress and mitigating the damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) under salinity conditions. This study explores the multifaceted role of GABA in plants under saline environments, with a focus on its physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms in enhancing plant resilience. By elucidating these mechanisms, we aim to highlight the potential of GABA as a natural biostimulant to improve crop performance and sustainability in saline soils.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/12/1296abiotic stressγ-aminobutyric acidROSantioxidantstoleranceplants |
| spellingShingle | Jameel Mohammed Al-Khayri Mohamed Abdel-Haleem Emad Hamdy Khedr Harnessing GABA Pathways to Improve Plant Resilience Against Salt Stress Horticulturae abiotic stress γ-aminobutyric acid ROS antioxidants tolerance plants |
| title | Harnessing GABA Pathways to Improve Plant Resilience Against Salt Stress |
| title_full | Harnessing GABA Pathways to Improve Plant Resilience Against Salt Stress |
| title_fullStr | Harnessing GABA Pathways to Improve Plant Resilience Against Salt Stress |
| title_full_unstemmed | Harnessing GABA Pathways to Improve Plant Resilience Against Salt Stress |
| title_short | Harnessing GABA Pathways to Improve Plant Resilience Against Salt Stress |
| title_sort | harnessing gaba pathways to improve plant resilience against salt stress |
| topic | abiotic stress γ-aminobutyric acid ROS antioxidants tolerance plants |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/12/1296 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jameelmohammedalkhayri harnessinggabapathwaystoimproveplantresilienceagainstsaltstress AT mohamedabdelhaleem harnessinggabapathwaystoimproveplantresilienceagainstsaltstress AT emadhamdykhedr harnessinggabapathwaystoimproveplantresilienceagainstsaltstress |