Comparative Analysis of Five Moroccan Thyme Species: Insights into Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Potential, Anti-Enzymatic Properties, and Insecticidal Effects
This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and bioactivities of essential oils (EOs) from five Moroccan thyme species: <i>Thymus broussonetii</i> subsp. <i>broussonetii, T. maroccanus</i>, <i>T. willdenowii</i>, <i>T. zygis</i> subsp. <...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Mohamed Ouknin Hassan Alahyane Naima Ait Aabd Sara Elgadi Youssef Lghazi Lhou Majidi |
| author_facet | Mohamed Ouknin Hassan Alahyane Naima Ait Aabd Sara Elgadi Youssef Lghazi Lhou Majidi |
| author_sort | Mohamed Ouknin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and bioactivities of essential oils (EOs) from five Moroccan thyme species: <i>Thymus broussonetii</i> subsp. <i>broussonetii, T. maroccanus</i>, <i>T. willdenowii</i>, <i>T. zygis</i> subsp. <i>gracilis</i>, and <i>T</i>. <i>satureioides</i>, collected from various geographical regions. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified thymol, <i>p</i>-cymene, borneol, γ-terpinene, carvacrol, α-pinene, and camphene as major constituents, with variations across species. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) revealed important levels of calcium (450.6–712.2 mg/kg), potassium (255.4–420.7 mg/kg), magnesium (97.3–150.7 mg/kg), and iron (1.95–15.1 mg/kg). The EOs demonstrated strong antioxidant activity in DPPH, FRAP, and <i>β</i>-carotene bleaching assays. Insecticidal activity against <i>Aphis gossypii</i> revealed the highest efficacy with <i>T. willdenowii</i> EO (LC<sub>50</sub> = 6.2 µL/mL), followed by <i>T. maroccanus</i> and <i>T. zygis</i> subsp. <i>gracilis</i>. Additionally, the EOs exhibited potent enzyme inhibitory effects at 1 mg/mL on acetylcholinesterase (83.1–96.4%), tyrosinase (77.5–89.6%), and α-glucosidase (79.4–89.5%). These findings suggest that thyme EOs, particularly from <i>T. willdenowii</i>, <i>T. zygis</i>, and <i>T. maroccanus</i>, are promising candidates for integrated pest management and natural enzyme inhibitors. Their potential applications in medicinal and pharmaceutical fields underscore the need for further research to optimize their use under specific conditions and dosages. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8b9d135801c34c8c9b23c9e5329ecdbd |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj-art-8b9d135801c34c8c9b23c9e5329ecdbd2025-01-10T13:19:48ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-01-0114111610.3390/plants14010116Comparative Analysis of Five Moroccan Thyme Species: Insights into Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Potential, Anti-Enzymatic Properties, and Insecticidal EffectsMohamed Ouknin0Hassan Alahyane1Naima Ait Aabd2Sara Elgadi3Youssef Lghazi4Lhou Majidi5Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Agadir, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, BP415 Rabat Principale, Rabat 10090, MoroccoHigh Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Beni Mellal 23000, MoroccoRegional Center of Agricultural Research of Agadir, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, BP415 Rabat Principale, Rabat 10090, MoroccoLaboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Agrosciences and Environment, Team of Agrosciences, PhytoBiodiversity and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, BP. 2390. 40000, Marrakech, MoroccoBio-Geosciences and Materials Engineering Laboratory, Higher Normal School, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca 20250, MoroccoLaboratory of Nanotechnology, Materials and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Mohammed V, Rabat 10106, MoroccoThis study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and bioactivities of essential oils (EOs) from five Moroccan thyme species: <i>Thymus broussonetii</i> subsp. <i>broussonetii, T. maroccanus</i>, <i>T. willdenowii</i>, <i>T. zygis</i> subsp. <i>gracilis</i>, and <i>T</i>. <i>satureioides</i>, collected from various geographical regions. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified thymol, <i>p</i>-cymene, borneol, γ-terpinene, carvacrol, α-pinene, and camphene as major constituents, with variations across species. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) revealed important levels of calcium (450.6–712.2 mg/kg), potassium (255.4–420.7 mg/kg), magnesium (97.3–150.7 mg/kg), and iron (1.95–15.1 mg/kg). The EOs demonstrated strong antioxidant activity in DPPH, FRAP, and <i>β</i>-carotene bleaching assays. Insecticidal activity against <i>Aphis gossypii</i> revealed the highest efficacy with <i>T. willdenowii</i> EO (LC<sub>50</sub> = 6.2 µL/mL), followed by <i>T. maroccanus</i> and <i>T. zygis</i> subsp. <i>gracilis</i>. Additionally, the EOs exhibited potent enzyme inhibitory effects at 1 mg/mL on acetylcholinesterase (83.1–96.4%), tyrosinase (77.5–89.6%), and α-glucosidase (79.4–89.5%). These findings suggest that thyme EOs, particularly from <i>T. willdenowii</i>, <i>T. zygis</i>, and <i>T. maroccanus</i>, are promising candidates for integrated pest management and natural enzyme inhibitors. Their potential applications in medicinal and pharmaceutical fields underscore the need for further research to optimize their use under specific conditions and dosages.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/1/116thyme speciesessentials oilschemical compositionbiological activitieslethal concentrations<i>Aphis gossypii</i> |
| spellingShingle | Mohamed Ouknin Hassan Alahyane Naima Ait Aabd Sara Elgadi Youssef Lghazi Lhou Majidi Comparative Analysis of Five Moroccan Thyme Species: Insights into Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Potential, Anti-Enzymatic Properties, and Insecticidal Effects Plants thyme species essentials oils chemical composition biological activities lethal concentrations <i>Aphis gossypii</i> |
| title | Comparative Analysis of Five Moroccan Thyme Species: Insights into Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Potential, Anti-Enzymatic Properties, and Insecticidal Effects |
| title_full | Comparative Analysis of Five Moroccan Thyme Species: Insights into Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Potential, Anti-Enzymatic Properties, and Insecticidal Effects |
| title_fullStr | Comparative Analysis of Five Moroccan Thyme Species: Insights into Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Potential, Anti-Enzymatic Properties, and Insecticidal Effects |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative Analysis of Five Moroccan Thyme Species: Insights into Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Potential, Anti-Enzymatic Properties, and Insecticidal Effects |
| title_short | Comparative Analysis of Five Moroccan Thyme Species: Insights into Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Potential, Anti-Enzymatic Properties, and Insecticidal Effects |
| title_sort | comparative analysis of five moroccan thyme species insights into chemical composition antioxidant potential anti enzymatic properties and insecticidal effects |
| topic | thyme species essentials oils chemical composition biological activities lethal concentrations <i>Aphis gossypii</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/1/116 |
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