Roles of the phagocytosis checkpoint in radiotherapy

Abstract Radiotherapy is widely used in cancer treatment in both curative and palliative care due to its good safety profile and broad clinical availability. It not only directly destroys tumor cells by damaging their DNA but also plays a critical immunomodulatory role, making it a potential combina...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yulan Kui, Fan Tong, Ruiguang Zhang, Jian Wang, Xiaorong Dong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Publishing Group 2025-08-01
Series:Cell Death and Disease
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-025-07921-5
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849225851857534976
author Yulan Kui
Fan Tong
Ruiguang Zhang
Jian Wang
Xiaorong Dong
author_facet Yulan Kui
Fan Tong
Ruiguang Zhang
Jian Wang
Xiaorong Dong
author_sort Yulan Kui
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Radiotherapy is widely used in cancer treatment in both curative and palliative care due to its good safety profile and broad clinical availability. It not only directly destroys tumor cells by damaging their DNA but also plays a critical immunomodulatory role, making it a potential combination partner for immunotherapy. Radiotherapy-induced immune effects are complex. They could enhance antitumor immunity by releasing tumor antigens but also promote tumor immune evasion by adaptively regulating immunosuppressive molecules, such as phagocytosis checkpoints. However, the effects of radiotherapy on phagocytosis checkpoints are not fully elaborated compared to T cell-associated immune checkpoints. Phagocytosis checkpoints are regulated by a series of receptor-ligand binding molecules, respectively on the tumor cells and phagocytes, which mediate pro-phagocytosis or anti-phagocytosis signals, modulate tumor antigen presentation, and further determine the infiltration of tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Radiotherapy regulates the different phagocytosis checkpoints on the tumor cells and phagocytes to modulate phagocytic clearance and reshape the irradiated tumor microenvironment. Therefore, radiotherapy in combination with phagocytosis checkpoints-associated immunotherapy can be a promising antitumor approach by considering the type, dose, and sequence of this combinatory regimen as well as the biomarkers for patient selection. This review attempts to summarize the cross-effects of radiotherapy and phagocytosis checkpoints and their combination strategies to enhance the efficiency of radiotherapy and improve the survival of cancer patients. Opportunities built on the roles of the phagocytosis checkpoint in radiotherapy are duly warranted.
format Article
id doaj-art-8ab3b2a8d9b043f99662f64a5cae4fb8
institution Kabale University
issn 2041-4889
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Nature Publishing Group
record_format Article
series Cell Death and Disease
spelling doaj-art-8ab3b2a8d9b043f99662f64a5cae4fb82025-08-24T11:54:23ZengNature Publishing GroupCell Death and Disease2041-48892025-08-0116112210.1038/s41419-025-07921-5Roles of the phagocytosis checkpoint in radiotherapyYulan Kui0Fan Tong1Ruiguang Zhang2Jian Wang3Xiaorong Dong4Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyCancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyCancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyCancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyCancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyAbstract Radiotherapy is widely used in cancer treatment in both curative and palliative care due to its good safety profile and broad clinical availability. It not only directly destroys tumor cells by damaging their DNA but also plays a critical immunomodulatory role, making it a potential combination partner for immunotherapy. Radiotherapy-induced immune effects are complex. They could enhance antitumor immunity by releasing tumor antigens but also promote tumor immune evasion by adaptively regulating immunosuppressive molecules, such as phagocytosis checkpoints. However, the effects of radiotherapy on phagocytosis checkpoints are not fully elaborated compared to T cell-associated immune checkpoints. Phagocytosis checkpoints are regulated by a series of receptor-ligand binding molecules, respectively on the tumor cells and phagocytes, which mediate pro-phagocytosis or anti-phagocytosis signals, modulate tumor antigen presentation, and further determine the infiltration of tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Radiotherapy regulates the different phagocytosis checkpoints on the tumor cells and phagocytes to modulate phagocytic clearance and reshape the irradiated tumor microenvironment. Therefore, radiotherapy in combination with phagocytosis checkpoints-associated immunotherapy can be a promising antitumor approach by considering the type, dose, and sequence of this combinatory regimen as well as the biomarkers for patient selection. This review attempts to summarize the cross-effects of radiotherapy and phagocytosis checkpoints and their combination strategies to enhance the efficiency of radiotherapy and improve the survival of cancer patients. Opportunities built on the roles of the phagocytosis checkpoint in radiotherapy are duly warranted.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-025-07921-5
spellingShingle Yulan Kui
Fan Tong
Ruiguang Zhang
Jian Wang
Xiaorong Dong
Roles of the phagocytosis checkpoint in radiotherapy
Cell Death and Disease
title Roles of the phagocytosis checkpoint in radiotherapy
title_full Roles of the phagocytosis checkpoint in radiotherapy
title_fullStr Roles of the phagocytosis checkpoint in radiotherapy
title_full_unstemmed Roles of the phagocytosis checkpoint in radiotherapy
title_short Roles of the phagocytosis checkpoint in radiotherapy
title_sort roles of the phagocytosis checkpoint in radiotherapy
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-025-07921-5
work_keys_str_mv AT yulankui rolesofthephagocytosischeckpointinradiotherapy
AT fantong rolesofthephagocytosischeckpointinradiotherapy
AT ruiguangzhang rolesofthephagocytosischeckpointinradiotherapy
AT jianwang rolesofthephagocytosischeckpointinradiotherapy
AT xiaorongdong rolesofthephagocytosischeckpointinradiotherapy