QuEChERS-Based Method for the Determination of Fipronil in Protein Baits and <i>Vespa velutina</i> Larvae by HPLC-DAD and GC-MS
Protein baits containing fipronil as a biocide have shown their effectivity as a control method for <i>Vespa velutina nigrithorax</i> (Lepeletier, 1836) in apiaries. This biocide is not selective for <i>Vespa velutina</i>, so it is important to use the minimum dose to inactiv...
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2024-11-01
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| author | Omaira de la Hera Aritza Izaguirre Arrate Rivas Rosa María Alonso |
| author_facet | Omaira de la Hera Aritza Izaguirre Arrate Rivas Rosa María Alonso |
| author_sort | Omaira de la Hera |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Protein baits containing fipronil as a biocide have shown their effectivity as a control method for <i>Vespa velutina nigrithorax</i> (Lepeletier, 1836) in apiaries. This biocide is not selective for <i>Vespa velutina</i>, so it is important to use the minimum dose to inactivate a nest. Therefore, the aim of this work was the development of analytical methods for the determination of fipronil in protein baits for quality control purposes and in larvae of <i>Vespa velutina</i> to determine the biocide content after protein bait ingestion and to acquire knowledge on fipronil metabolism in larvae. For this purpose, a Quechers-based HPLC-PDA method was developed and validated for the determination of fipronil in both matrixes. Furthermore, a GC-MS method was developed for the analysis of fipronil and its metabolites in dead <i>Vespa velutina</i> larvae fed with a mash containing 0.01% fipronil. Quechers-based HPLC-DAD allowed for the determination of the fipronil content in baits. Fipronil and the metabolites fipronil sulfone and fipronil sulfide were identified by GC-MS in extracts of larvae fed with a protein mash containing 0.01% fipronil. The transformation of fipronil into fipronil sulfone inside the larvae and the high toxicity of this metabolite open the possibility to produce protein baits with lower biocide concentrations. |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-8a30532b03d34e2d94e85c748246201f2024-11-26T18:21:58ZengMDPI AGSeparations2297-87392024-11-01111131710.3390/separations11110317QuEChERS-Based Method for the Determination of Fipronil in Protein Baits and <i>Vespa velutina</i> Larvae by HPLC-DAD and GC-MSOmaira de la Hera0Aritza Izaguirre1Arrate Rivas2Rosa María Alonso3FARMARTEM Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena, s/n, 48940 Leioa, Biscay, SpainFARMARTEM Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena, s/n, 48940 Leioa, Biscay, SpainFARMARTEM Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena, s/n, 48940 Leioa, Biscay, SpainFARMARTEM Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena, s/n, 48940 Leioa, Biscay, SpainProtein baits containing fipronil as a biocide have shown their effectivity as a control method for <i>Vespa velutina nigrithorax</i> (Lepeletier, 1836) in apiaries. This biocide is not selective for <i>Vespa velutina</i>, so it is important to use the minimum dose to inactivate a nest. Therefore, the aim of this work was the development of analytical methods for the determination of fipronil in protein baits for quality control purposes and in larvae of <i>Vespa velutina</i> to determine the biocide content after protein bait ingestion and to acquire knowledge on fipronil metabolism in larvae. For this purpose, a Quechers-based HPLC-PDA method was developed and validated for the determination of fipronil in both matrixes. Furthermore, a GC-MS method was developed for the analysis of fipronil and its metabolites in dead <i>Vespa velutina</i> larvae fed with a mash containing 0.01% fipronil. Quechers-based HPLC-DAD allowed for the determination of the fipronil content in baits. Fipronil and the metabolites fipronil sulfone and fipronil sulfide were identified by GC-MS in extracts of larvae fed with a protein mash containing 0.01% fipronil. The transformation of fipronil into fipronil sulfone inside the larvae and the high toxicity of this metabolite open the possibility to produce protein baits with lower biocide concentrations.https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/11/11/317QuEChERSchromatographyfipronilprotein bait <i>Vespa velutina larva</i>metabolism |
| spellingShingle | Omaira de la Hera Aritza Izaguirre Arrate Rivas Rosa María Alonso QuEChERS-Based Method for the Determination of Fipronil in Protein Baits and <i>Vespa velutina</i> Larvae by HPLC-DAD and GC-MS Separations QuEChERS chromatography fipronil protein bait <i>Vespa velutina larva</i> metabolism |
| title | QuEChERS-Based Method for the Determination of Fipronil in Protein Baits and <i>Vespa velutina</i> Larvae by HPLC-DAD and GC-MS |
| title_full | QuEChERS-Based Method for the Determination of Fipronil in Protein Baits and <i>Vespa velutina</i> Larvae by HPLC-DAD and GC-MS |
| title_fullStr | QuEChERS-Based Method for the Determination of Fipronil in Protein Baits and <i>Vespa velutina</i> Larvae by HPLC-DAD and GC-MS |
| title_full_unstemmed | QuEChERS-Based Method for the Determination of Fipronil in Protein Baits and <i>Vespa velutina</i> Larvae by HPLC-DAD and GC-MS |
| title_short | QuEChERS-Based Method for the Determination of Fipronil in Protein Baits and <i>Vespa velutina</i> Larvae by HPLC-DAD and GC-MS |
| title_sort | quechers based method for the determination of fipronil in protein baits and i vespa velutina i larvae by hplc dad and gc ms |
| topic | QuEChERS chromatography fipronil protein bait <i>Vespa velutina larva</i> metabolism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/11/11/317 |
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