QuEChERS-Based Method for the Determination of Fipronil in Protein Baits and <i>Vespa velutina</i> Larvae by HPLC-DAD and GC-MS
Protein baits containing fipronil as a biocide have shown their effectivity as a control method for <i>Vespa velutina nigrithorax</i> (Lepeletier, 1836) in apiaries. This biocide is not selective for <i>Vespa velutina</i>, so it is important to use the minimum dose to inactiv...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Separations |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/11/11/317 |
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| Summary: | Protein baits containing fipronil as a biocide have shown their effectivity as a control method for <i>Vespa velutina nigrithorax</i> (Lepeletier, 1836) in apiaries. This biocide is not selective for <i>Vespa velutina</i>, so it is important to use the minimum dose to inactivate a nest. Therefore, the aim of this work was the development of analytical methods for the determination of fipronil in protein baits for quality control purposes and in larvae of <i>Vespa velutina</i> to determine the biocide content after protein bait ingestion and to acquire knowledge on fipronil metabolism in larvae. For this purpose, a Quechers-based HPLC-PDA method was developed and validated for the determination of fipronil in both matrixes. Furthermore, a GC-MS method was developed for the analysis of fipronil and its metabolites in dead <i>Vespa velutina</i> larvae fed with a mash containing 0.01% fipronil. Quechers-based HPLC-DAD allowed for the determination of the fipronil content in baits. Fipronil and the metabolites fipronil sulfone and fipronil sulfide were identified by GC-MS in extracts of larvae fed with a protein mash containing 0.01% fipronil. The transformation of fipronil into fipronil sulfone inside the larvae and the high toxicity of this metabolite open the possibility to produce protein baits with lower biocide concentrations. |
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| ISSN: | 2297-8739 |