Pleural effusion in acute pulmonary embolism: characteristics and relevance

Introduction The characteristics and clinical relevance of pleural effusion (PLEF) in acute pulmonary embolism (APE) are not fully understood.Methods A single-centre, retrospective study was performed of patients admitted with APE classified according to the subsequent development or not of PLEF. A...

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Main Authors: Nuria Rodríguez-Núñez, Francisco Gude, Lucía Ferreiro, Elisa Landín-Rey, María Carreiras-Cuiña, Borja Otero, María Cruz Carbajales, Honorio J Martínez-Martínez, Carla Díaz-Louzao, Roi Soto-Feijoo, Juan Suárez Antelo, Maria E Toubes, Luis Valdés-Cuadrado
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2024-11-01
Series:BMJ Open Respiratory Research
Online Access:https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/content/11/1/e002179.full
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author Nuria Rodríguez-Núñez
Francisco Gude
Lucía Ferreiro
Elisa Landín-Rey
María Carreiras-Cuiña
Borja Otero
María Cruz Carbajales
Honorio J Martínez-Martínez
Carla Díaz-Louzao
Roi Soto-Feijoo
Juan Suárez Antelo
Maria E Toubes
Luis Valdés-Cuadrado
author_facet Nuria Rodríguez-Núñez
Francisco Gude
Lucía Ferreiro
Elisa Landín-Rey
María Carreiras-Cuiña
Borja Otero
María Cruz Carbajales
Honorio J Martínez-Martínez
Carla Díaz-Louzao
Roi Soto-Feijoo
Juan Suárez Antelo
Maria E Toubes
Luis Valdés-Cuadrado
author_sort Nuria Rodríguez-Núñez
collection DOAJ
description Introduction The characteristics and clinical relevance of pleural effusion (PLEF) in acute pulmonary embolism (APE) are not fully understood.Methods A single-centre, retrospective study was performed of patients admitted with APE classified according to the subsequent development or not of PLEF. A model was built to predict PLEF and its impact on 30-day all-cause mortality was investigated.Results A total of 1602 patients with APE were included (median age, 74 (61, 82) years; 674 men (42.1%); 382 (23.8%) with PLEF). PLEF was associated with a higher number of comorbidities (p=0.015); more peripheral APE (0.001); a higher frequency of pulmonary infarctions (p<0.001) and higher 30-day all-cause mortality (p=0.004) compared with those without PLEF. Bilateral PLEFs, as compared with unilateral, were associated with a higher number of comorbidities (p=0.009); more severe (simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index ≥1; p<0.001) and higher 30-day all-cause mortality (p<0.001).On multivariate analysis, the presence of PLEF was associated with atrial fibrillation (OR 2.00; 95% CI 1.32 to 3.02), congestive heart failure (OR 3.00; 95% CI 1.81 to 5.00), pulmonary infarction (OR 3.19; 95% CI 2.38 to 4.29) and a Charlson index ≥3 (OR 1.59; 95% CI 1.03 to 2.45). The predictive model for PLEF had a moderate power of discrimination (area under the curve, AUC 0.76; 95% CI 0.73 to 0.79), whereas the predictive model for mortality showed a good predictive power (AUC 0.89; 95% CI 0.86 to 0.93). The presence of PLEF doubles the probability of death (OR 2.02; 95% CI 1.11 to 3.68). When PLEF is bilateral, the probability of death is four times higher, as compared with unilateral PLEF (OR 4.07; 95% CI 1.53 to 10.85; AUC 0.90; 95% CI 0.84 to 0.95).Conclusions A significant number of APE patients develop PLEF. The model showed a good power of discrimination for the prediction of mortality. The probability of death from APE doubles in the presence of PLEF. Patients with APE and concomitant bilateral PLEF have a fourfold higher risk of mortality, as compared with patients with concomitant unilateral PLEF.
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spelling doaj-art-8a18aa3d63fa43e5bfbf26cf5dcd20fb2024-11-14T12:50:09ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open Respiratory Research2052-44392024-11-0111110.1136/bmjresp-2023-002179Pleural effusion in acute pulmonary embolism: characteristics and relevanceNuria Rodríguez-Núñez0Francisco Gude1Lucía Ferreiro2Elisa Landín-Rey3María Carreiras-Cuiña4Borja Otero5María Cruz Carbajales6Honorio J Martínez-Martínez7Carla Díaz-Louzao8Roi Soto-Feijoo9Juan Suárez Antelo10Maria E Toubes11Luis Valdés-Cuadrado12Pneumology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, SpainConcepción Arenal Primary Care Center, Santiago de Compostela, SpainPneumology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, SpainPneumology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, SpainPneumology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, SpainESTEVE, Santiago de compostela, SpainESTEVE, Santiago de compostela, SpainPneumology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, SpainResearch Methods (RESMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, SpainPneumology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, SpainPneumology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, SpainPneumology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, SpainPneumology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, SpainIntroduction The characteristics and clinical relevance of pleural effusion (PLEF) in acute pulmonary embolism (APE) are not fully understood.Methods A single-centre, retrospective study was performed of patients admitted with APE classified according to the subsequent development or not of PLEF. A model was built to predict PLEF and its impact on 30-day all-cause mortality was investigated.Results A total of 1602 patients with APE were included (median age, 74 (61, 82) years; 674 men (42.1%); 382 (23.8%) with PLEF). PLEF was associated with a higher number of comorbidities (p=0.015); more peripheral APE (0.001); a higher frequency of pulmonary infarctions (p<0.001) and higher 30-day all-cause mortality (p=0.004) compared with those without PLEF. Bilateral PLEFs, as compared with unilateral, were associated with a higher number of comorbidities (p=0.009); more severe (simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index ≥1; p<0.001) and higher 30-day all-cause mortality (p<0.001).On multivariate analysis, the presence of PLEF was associated with atrial fibrillation (OR 2.00; 95% CI 1.32 to 3.02), congestive heart failure (OR 3.00; 95% CI 1.81 to 5.00), pulmonary infarction (OR 3.19; 95% CI 2.38 to 4.29) and a Charlson index ≥3 (OR 1.59; 95% CI 1.03 to 2.45). The predictive model for PLEF had a moderate power of discrimination (area under the curve, AUC 0.76; 95% CI 0.73 to 0.79), whereas the predictive model for mortality showed a good predictive power (AUC 0.89; 95% CI 0.86 to 0.93). The presence of PLEF doubles the probability of death (OR 2.02; 95% CI 1.11 to 3.68). When PLEF is bilateral, the probability of death is four times higher, as compared with unilateral PLEF (OR 4.07; 95% CI 1.53 to 10.85; AUC 0.90; 95% CI 0.84 to 0.95).Conclusions A significant number of APE patients develop PLEF. The model showed a good power of discrimination for the prediction of mortality. The probability of death from APE doubles in the presence of PLEF. Patients with APE and concomitant bilateral PLEF have a fourfold higher risk of mortality, as compared with patients with concomitant unilateral PLEF.https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/content/11/1/e002179.full
spellingShingle Nuria Rodríguez-Núñez
Francisco Gude
Lucía Ferreiro
Elisa Landín-Rey
María Carreiras-Cuiña
Borja Otero
María Cruz Carbajales
Honorio J Martínez-Martínez
Carla Díaz-Louzao
Roi Soto-Feijoo
Juan Suárez Antelo
Maria E Toubes
Luis Valdés-Cuadrado
Pleural effusion in acute pulmonary embolism: characteristics and relevance
BMJ Open Respiratory Research
title Pleural effusion in acute pulmonary embolism: characteristics and relevance
title_full Pleural effusion in acute pulmonary embolism: characteristics and relevance
title_fullStr Pleural effusion in acute pulmonary embolism: characteristics and relevance
title_full_unstemmed Pleural effusion in acute pulmonary embolism: characteristics and relevance
title_short Pleural effusion in acute pulmonary embolism: characteristics and relevance
title_sort pleural effusion in acute pulmonary embolism characteristics and relevance
url https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/content/11/1/e002179.full
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