International society of sports nutrition position stand: ketogenic diets
Position statement The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) provides an objective and critical review of the use of a ketogenic diet in healthy exercising adults, with a focus on exercise performance and body composition. However, this review does not address the use of exogenous ketone...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Taylor & Francis Group
2024-12-01
|
| Series: | Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/15502783.2024.2368167 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1846127024362487808 |
|---|---|
| author | Alex Leaf Jeffrey A. Rothschild Tim M. Sharpe Stacy T. Sims Chad J. Macias Geoff G. Futch Michael D. Roberts Jeffrey R. Stout Michael J. Ormsbee Alan A. Aragon Bill I. Campbell Shawn M. Arent Dominic P. D’Agostino Michelle T. Barrack Chad M. Kerksick Richard B. Kreider Douglas S. Kalman Jose Antonio |
| author_facet | Alex Leaf Jeffrey A. Rothschild Tim M. Sharpe Stacy T. Sims Chad J. Macias Geoff G. Futch Michael D. Roberts Jeffrey R. Stout Michael J. Ormsbee Alan A. Aragon Bill I. Campbell Shawn M. Arent Dominic P. D’Agostino Michelle T. Barrack Chad M. Kerksick Richard B. Kreider Douglas S. Kalman Jose Antonio |
| author_sort | Alex Leaf |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Position statement The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) provides an objective and critical review of the use of a ketogenic diet in healthy exercising adults, with a focus on exercise performance and body composition. However, this review does not address the use of exogenous ketone supplements. The following points summarize the position of the ISSN:1. A ketogenic diet induces a state of nutritional ketosis, which is generally defined as serum ketone levels above 0.5 mM. While many factors can impact what amount of daily carbohydrate intake will result in these levels, a broad guideline is a daily dietary carbohydrate intake of less than 50 grams per day.2. Nutritional ketosis achieved through carbohydrate restriction and a high dietary fat intake is not intrinsically harmful and should not be confused with ketoacidosis, a life-threatening condition most commonly seen in clinical populations and metabolic dysregulation.3. A ketogenic diet has largely neutral or detrimental effects on athletic performance compared to a diet higher in carbohydrates and lower in fat, despite achieving significantly elevated levels of fat oxidation during exercise (~1.5 g/min).4. The endurance effects of a ketogenic diet may be influenced by both training status and duration of the dietary intervention, but further research is necessary to elucidate these possibilities. All studies involving elite athletes showed a performance decrement from a ketogenic diet, all lasting six weeks or less. Of the two studies lasting more than six weeks, only one reported a statistically significant benefit of a ketogenic diet.5. A ketogenic diet tends to have similar effects on maximal strength or strength gains from a resistance training program compared to a diet higher in carbohydrates. However, a minority of studies show superior effects of non-ketogenic comparators.6. When compared to a diet higher in carbohydrates and lower in fat, a ketogenic diet may cause greater losses in body weight, fat mass, and fat-free mass, but may also heighten losses of lean tissue. However, this is likely due to differences in calorie and protein intake, as well as shifts in fluid balance.7. There is insufficient evidence to determine if a ketogenic diet affects males and females differently. However, there is a strong mechanistic basis for sex differences to exist in response to a ketogenic diet. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-89b64f5404dd42f486f6dbbece9b1260 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1550-2783 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj-art-89b64f5404dd42f486f6dbbece9b12602024-12-12T06:10:57ZengTaylor & Francis GroupJournal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition1550-27832024-12-0121110.1080/15502783.2024.2368167International society of sports nutrition position stand: ketogenic dietsAlex Leaf0Jeffrey A. Rothschild1Tim M. Sharpe2Stacy T. Sims3Chad J. Macias4Geoff G. Futch5Michael D. Roberts6Jeffrey R. Stout7Michael J. Ormsbee8Alan A. Aragon9Bill I. Campbell10Shawn M. Arent11Dominic P. D’Agostino12Michelle T. Barrack13Chad M. Kerksick14Richard B. Kreider15Douglas S. Kalman16Jose Antonio17Alex Leaf LLC, Scientific Affairs, Scottsdale, AZ, USAAuckland University of Technology, Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland, New ZealandUniversity of Western States, Human Nutrition and Functional Medicine, Portland, OR, USAAuckland University of Technology, Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland, New ZealandUniversity of Western States, Human Nutrition and Functional Medicine, Portland, OR, USASpringfield College, Department of Exercise Science and Athletic Training, Springfield, MA, USAAuburn University, School of Kinesiology, Auburn, AL, USAUniversity of Central Florida, School of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Orlando, FL, USAFlorida State University, Institute of Sports Sciences & Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USAFit Advancement, LLC. Chatsworth, CA, USAUniversity of South Florida, Performance and Physique Enhancement Laboratory, Exercise Science Program, Tampa, FL, USAUniversity of South Carolina, Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, SC, USAInstitute for Human and Machine Cognition, Human Healthspan, Resilience, and Performance, Pensacola, FL, USACalifornia State University, Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Long Beach, CA, USALindenwood University, Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, College of Science, Technology, and Health, St. Charles, MO, USATexas A&M University, Exercise and Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, College Station, TX, USANova Southeastern University, Department of Nutrition. Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine. Davie, FL, USADepartment of Health and Human Performance, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL, USAPosition statement The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) provides an objective and critical review of the use of a ketogenic diet in healthy exercising adults, with a focus on exercise performance and body composition. However, this review does not address the use of exogenous ketone supplements. The following points summarize the position of the ISSN:1. A ketogenic diet induces a state of nutritional ketosis, which is generally defined as serum ketone levels above 0.5 mM. While many factors can impact what amount of daily carbohydrate intake will result in these levels, a broad guideline is a daily dietary carbohydrate intake of less than 50 grams per day.2. Nutritional ketosis achieved through carbohydrate restriction and a high dietary fat intake is not intrinsically harmful and should not be confused with ketoacidosis, a life-threatening condition most commonly seen in clinical populations and metabolic dysregulation.3. A ketogenic diet has largely neutral or detrimental effects on athletic performance compared to a diet higher in carbohydrates and lower in fat, despite achieving significantly elevated levels of fat oxidation during exercise (~1.5 g/min).4. The endurance effects of a ketogenic diet may be influenced by both training status and duration of the dietary intervention, but further research is necessary to elucidate these possibilities. All studies involving elite athletes showed a performance decrement from a ketogenic diet, all lasting six weeks or less. Of the two studies lasting more than six weeks, only one reported a statistically significant benefit of a ketogenic diet.5. A ketogenic diet tends to have similar effects on maximal strength or strength gains from a resistance training program compared to a diet higher in carbohydrates. However, a minority of studies show superior effects of non-ketogenic comparators.6. When compared to a diet higher in carbohydrates and lower in fat, a ketogenic diet may cause greater losses in body weight, fat mass, and fat-free mass, but may also heighten losses of lean tissue. However, this is likely due to differences in calorie and protein intake, as well as shifts in fluid balance.7. There is insufficient evidence to determine if a ketogenic diet affects males and females differently. However, there is a strong mechanistic basis for sex differences to exist in response to a ketogenic diet.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/15502783.2024.2368167Endurancestrengthexercisebody compositionketogenesisketosis |
| spellingShingle | Alex Leaf Jeffrey A. Rothschild Tim M. Sharpe Stacy T. Sims Chad J. Macias Geoff G. Futch Michael D. Roberts Jeffrey R. Stout Michael J. Ormsbee Alan A. Aragon Bill I. Campbell Shawn M. Arent Dominic P. D’Agostino Michelle T. Barrack Chad M. Kerksick Richard B. Kreider Douglas S. Kalman Jose Antonio International society of sports nutrition position stand: ketogenic diets Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition Endurance strength exercise body composition ketogenesis ketosis |
| title | International society of sports nutrition position stand: ketogenic diets |
| title_full | International society of sports nutrition position stand: ketogenic diets |
| title_fullStr | International society of sports nutrition position stand: ketogenic diets |
| title_full_unstemmed | International society of sports nutrition position stand: ketogenic diets |
| title_short | International society of sports nutrition position stand: ketogenic diets |
| title_sort | international society of sports nutrition position stand ketogenic diets |
| topic | Endurance strength exercise body composition ketogenesis ketosis |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/15502783.2024.2368167 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT alexleaf internationalsocietyofsportsnutritionpositionstandketogenicdiets AT jeffreyarothschild internationalsocietyofsportsnutritionpositionstandketogenicdiets AT timmsharpe internationalsocietyofsportsnutritionpositionstandketogenicdiets AT stacytsims internationalsocietyofsportsnutritionpositionstandketogenicdiets AT chadjmacias internationalsocietyofsportsnutritionpositionstandketogenicdiets AT geoffgfutch internationalsocietyofsportsnutritionpositionstandketogenicdiets AT michaeldroberts internationalsocietyofsportsnutritionpositionstandketogenicdiets AT jeffreyrstout internationalsocietyofsportsnutritionpositionstandketogenicdiets AT michaeljormsbee internationalsocietyofsportsnutritionpositionstandketogenicdiets AT alanaaragon internationalsocietyofsportsnutritionpositionstandketogenicdiets AT billicampbell internationalsocietyofsportsnutritionpositionstandketogenicdiets AT shawnmarent internationalsocietyofsportsnutritionpositionstandketogenicdiets AT dominicpdagostino internationalsocietyofsportsnutritionpositionstandketogenicdiets AT michelletbarrack internationalsocietyofsportsnutritionpositionstandketogenicdiets AT chadmkerksick internationalsocietyofsportsnutritionpositionstandketogenicdiets AT richardbkreider internationalsocietyofsportsnutritionpositionstandketogenicdiets AT douglasskalman internationalsocietyofsportsnutritionpositionstandketogenicdiets AT joseantonio internationalsocietyofsportsnutritionpositionstandketogenicdiets |