The relationships between social internet use, social contact, and loneliness in older adults

Abstract Social internet use might decrease loneliness, potentially by increasing social contact. Vice versa, loneliness might decrease social internet use by decreased social contact. However, few studies explored these associations longitudinally. This study aimed to assess the longitudinal, bidir...

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Main Authors: Jeroen H.M. Janssen, Theo G. van Tilburg, Erik J. van Ingen, Rense Corten, Geeske Peeters, Marcel G.M. Olde Rikkert
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09861-8
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author Jeroen H.M. Janssen
Theo G. van Tilburg
Erik J. van Ingen
Rense Corten
Geeske Peeters
Marcel G.M. Olde Rikkert
author_facet Jeroen H.M. Janssen
Theo G. van Tilburg
Erik J. van Ingen
Rense Corten
Geeske Peeters
Marcel G.M. Olde Rikkert
author_sort Jeroen H.M. Janssen
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Social internet use might decrease loneliness, potentially by increasing social contact. Vice versa, loneliness might decrease social internet use by decreased social contact. However, few studies explored these associations longitudinally. This study aimed to assess the longitudinal, bidirectional associations between frequency of social internet use, loneliness, and social contact (measured as the number of frequently contacted personal network members). We used four waves of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (2011-13, 2015-16, 2018-19, 2021-22) in a sample of 1923 Dutch older adults (age 55–98). We applied random intercept cross-lagged panel models to test the bidirectional and mediational relationships. We found a longitudinal association between social internet use and subsequent loneliness, β = -0.07, p = .008, but no evidence of mediation of social contact, nor of a reversed association. These results strengthen existing evidence for a positive association of social internet use in decreasing loneliness. In contrast, more loneliness did not predict a difference in social internet use, suggesting that this reversed relationship is more complex or dependent on individual characteristics.
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spelling doaj-art-89a57a237f4b49c58bf1574122c643e12025-08-20T03:45:57ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111210.1038/s41598-025-09861-8The relationships between social internet use, social contact, and loneliness in older adultsJeroen H.M. Janssen0Theo G. van Tilburg1Erik J. van Ingen2Rense Corten3Geeske Peeters4Marcel G.M. Olde Rikkert5Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboud University Medical CenterDepartment of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDepartment of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDepartment of Sociology/ICS, Utrecht UniversityDepartment of Geriatric Medicine, Radboud University Medical CenterDepartment of Geriatric Medicine, Radboud University Medical CenterAbstract Social internet use might decrease loneliness, potentially by increasing social contact. Vice versa, loneliness might decrease social internet use by decreased social contact. However, few studies explored these associations longitudinally. This study aimed to assess the longitudinal, bidirectional associations between frequency of social internet use, loneliness, and social contact (measured as the number of frequently contacted personal network members). We used four waves of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (2011-13, 2015-16, 2018-19, 2021-22) in a sample of 1923 Dutch older adults (age 55–98). We applied random intercept cross-lagged panel models to test the bidirectional and mediational relationships. We found a longitudinal association between social internet use and subsequent loneliness, β = -0.07, p = .008, but no evidence of mediation of social contact, nor of a reversed association. These results strengthen existing evidence for a positive association of social internet use in decreasing loneliness. In contrast, more loneliness did not predict a difference in social internet use, suggesting that this reversed relationship is more complex or dependent on individual characteristics.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09861-8Longitudinal mediationSocial connectednessSocial mediaContact frequency
spellingShingle Jeroen H.M. Janssen
Theo G. van Tilburg
Erik J. van Ingen
Rense Corten
Geeske Peeters
Marcel G.M. Olde Rikkert
The relationships between social internet use, social contact, and loneliness in older adults
Scientific Reports
Longitudinal mediation
Social connectedness
Social media
Contact frequency
title The relationships between social internet use, social contact, and loneliness in older adults
title_full The relationships between social internet use, social contact, and loneliness in older adults
title_fullStr The relationships between social internet use, social contact, and loneliness in older adults
title_full_unstemmed The relationships between social internet use, social contact, and loneliness in older adults
title_short The relationships between social internet use, social contact, and loneliness in older adults
title_sort relationships between social internet use social contact and loneliness in older adults
topic Longitudinal mediation
Social connectedness
Social media
Contact frequency
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09861-8
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