Effect of Post-Heat Treatment on the Mechanical and Residual Stress Behavior of Pulsed Wave S316L Fabricated by Directed Energy Deposition
The influence of annealing at various temperatures on the phase stability and microstructure of pulsed-wave laser mode (PW) 316L stainless steel fabricated via Directed Energy Deposition (DED) was systematically investigated. The microstructural alterations resulting from heat treatment were examine...
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MDPI AG
2024-11-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/23/7457 |
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| author | Zhou Yan Jia Guo Xi Zou |
| author_facet | Zhou Yan Jia Guo Xi Zou |
| author_sort | Zhou Yan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The influence of annealing at various temperatures on the phase stability and microstructure of pulsed-wave laser mode (PW) 316L stainless steel fabricated via Directed Energy Deposition (DED) was systematically investigated. The microstructural alterations resulting from heat treatment were examined to clarify their influence on the mechanical properties of the specimens subjected to tensile loading. The results showed that cell size increased with annealing temperature, with the cellular microstructure disappearing at higher temperatures (T ≥ 1000 °C). A decrease in the mechanical strength of the specimens was observed as annealing temperature increased. Additionally, the influence of different laser pulse frequencies and duty cycles on residual stresses was examined, revealing that moderate laser frequencies and duty cycles effectively reduced residual stress levels. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-895aa0589df74e1ea36c1d25fcdcfa64 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-895aa0589df74e1ea36c1d25fcdcfa642024-12-13T16:31:35ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202024-11-012423745710.3390/s24237457Effect of Post-Heat Treatment on the Mechanical and Residual Stress Behavior of Pulsed Wave S316L Fabricated by Directed Energy DepositionZhou Yan0Jia Guo1Xi Zou2School of Information Engineering, Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan 430205, ChinaHubei Key Laboratory of Digital Finance Innovation, Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan 430205, ChinaMechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, ChinaThe influence of annealing at various temperatures on the phase stability and microstructure of pulsed-wave laser mode (PW) 316L stainless steel fabricated via Directed Energy Deposition (DED) was systematically investigated. The microstructural alterations resulting from heat treatment were examined to clarify their influence on the mechanical properties of the specimens subjected to tensile loading. The results showed that cell size increased with annealing temperature, with the cellular microstructure disappearing at higher temperatures (T ≥ 1000 °C). A decrease in the mechanical strength of the specimens was observed as annealing temperature increased. Additionally, the influence of different laser pulse frequencies and duty cycles on residual stresses was examined, revealing that moderate laser frequencies and duty cycles effectively reduced residual stress levels.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/23/7457DED additive manufacturingmicrostructuremechanical propertiesresidual stress |
| spellingShingle | Zhou Yan Jia Guo Xi Zou Effect of Post-Heat Treatment on the Mechanical and Residual Stress Behavior of Pulsed Wave S316L Fabricated by Directed Energy Deposition Sensors DED additive manufacturing microstructure mechanical properties residual stress |
| title | Effect of Post-Heat Treatment on the Mechanical and Residual Stress Behavior of Pulsed Wave S316L Fabricated by Directed Energy Deposition |
| title_full | Effect of Post-Heat Treatment on the Mechanical and Residual Stress Behavior of Pulsed Wave S316L Fabricated by Directed Energy Deposition |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Post-Heat Treatment on the Mechanical and Residual Stress Behavior of Pulsed Wave S316L Fabricated by Directed Energy Deposition |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Post-Heat Treatment on the Mechanical and Residual Stress Behavior of Pulsed Wave S316L Fabricated by Directed Energy Deposition |
| title_short | Effect of Post-Heat Treatment on the Mechanical and Residual Stress Behavior of Pulsed Wave S316L Fabricated by Directed Energy Deposition |
| title_sort | effect of post heat treatment on the mechanical and residual stress behavior of pulsed wave s316l fabricated by directed energy deposition |
| topic | DED additive manufacturing microstructure mechanical properties residual stress |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/23/7457 |
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