Effect of Post-Heat Treatment on the Mechanical and Residual Stress Behavior of Pulsed Wave S316L Fabricated by Directed Energy Deposition

The influence of annealing at various temperatures on the phase stability and microstructure of pulsed-wave laser mode (PW) 316L stainless steel fabricated via Directed Energy Deposition (DED) was systematically investigated. The microstructural alterations resulting from heat treatment were examine...

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Main Authors: Zhou Yan, Jia Guo, Xi Zou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Sensors
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/23/7457
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author Zhou Yan
Jia Guo
Xi Zou
author_facet Zhou Yan
Jia Guo
Xi Zou
author_sort Zhou Yan
collection DOAJ
description The influence of annealing at various temperatures on the phase stability and microstructure of pulsed-wave laser mode (PW) 316L stainless steel fabricated via Directed Energy Deposition (DED) was systematically investigated. The microstructural alterations resulting from heat treatment were examined to clarify their influence on the mechanical properties of the specimens subjected to tensile loading. The results showed that cell size increased with annealing temperature, with the cellular microstructure disappearing at higher temperatures (T ≥ 1000 °C). A decrease in the mechanical strength of the specimens was observed as annealing temperature increased. Additionally, the influence of different laser pulse frequencies and duty cycles on residual stresses was examined, revealing that moderate laser frequencies and duty cycles effectively reduced residual stress levels.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1424-8220
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publishDate 2024-11-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Sensors
spelling doaj-art-895aa0589df74e1ea36c1d25fcdcfa642024-12-13T16:31:35ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202024-11-012423745710.3390/s24237457Effect of Post-Heat Treatment on the Mechanical and Residual Stress Behavior of Pulsed Wave S316L Fabricated by Directed Energy DepositionZhou Yan0Jia Guo1Xi Zou2School of Information Engineering, Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan 430205, ChinaHubei Key Laboratory of Digital Finance Innovation, Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan 430205, ChinaMechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, ChinaThe influence of annealing at various temperatures on the phase stability and microstructure of pulsed-wave laser mode (PW) 316L stainless steel fabricated via Directed Energy Deposition (DED) was systematically investigated. The microstructural alterations resulting from heat treatment were examined to clarify their influence on the mechanical properties of the specimens subjected to tensile loading. The results showed that cell size increased with annealing temperature, with the cellular microstructure disappearing at higher temperatures (T ≥ 1000 °C). A decrease in the mechanical strength of the specimens was observed as annealing temperature increased. Additionally, the influence of different laser pulse frequencies and duty cycles on residual stresses was examined, revealing that moderate laser frequencies and duty cycles effectively reduced residual stress levels.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/23/7457DED additive manufacturingmicrostructuremechanical propertiesresidual stress
spellingShingle Zhou Yan
Jia Guo
Xi Zou
Effect of Post-Heat Treatment on the Mechanical and Residual Stress Behavior of Pulsed Wave S316L Fabricated by Directed Energy Deposition
Sensors
DED additive manufacturing
microstructure
mechanical properties
residual stress
title Effect of Post-Heat Treatment on the Mechanical and Residual Stress Behavior of Pulsed Wave S316L Fabricated by Directed Energy Deposition
title_full Effect of Post-Heat Treatment on the Mechanical and Residual Stress Behavior of Pulsed Wave S316L Fabricated by Directed Energy Deposition
title_fullStr Effect of Post-Heat Treatment on the Mechanical and Residual Stress Behavior of Pulsed Wave S316L Fabricated by Directed Energy Deposition
title_full_unstemmed Effect of Post-Heat Treatment on the Mechanical and Residual Stress Behavior of Pulsed Wave S316L Fabricated by Directed Energy Deposition
title_short Effect of Post-Heat Treatment on the Mechanical and Residual Stress Behavior of Pulsed Wave S316L Fabricated by Directed Energy Deposition
title_sort effect of post heat treatment on the mechanical and residual stress behavior of pulsed wave s316l fabricated by directed energy deposition
topic DED additive manufacturing
microstructure
mechanical properties
residual stress
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/23/7457
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AT jiaguo effectofpostheattreatmentonthemechanicalandresidualstressbehaviorofpulsedwaves316lfabricatedbydirectedenergydeposition
AT xizou effectofpostheattreatmentonthemechanicalandresidualstressbehaviorofpulsedwaves316lfabricatedbydirectedenergydeposition