The effect of suffusion on small strain shear modulus of gap-graded soil under principal stress rotation

Internal erosion involves the transport of soil particles from within or beneath a geotechnical structure due to seepage flow, influencing the subsequent mechanical and hydraulic behaviour of the soil. However, predicting changes in small-strain modulus (Gmax) with eroded fines and varying principal...

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Main Authors: Sanjei Chitravel, Masahide Otsubo, Reiko Kuwano
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Soils and Foundations
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038080624000969
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author Sanjei Chitravel
Masahide Otsubo
Reiko Kuwano
author_facet Sanjei Chitravel
Masahide Otsubo
Reiko Kuwano
author_sort Sanjei Chitravel
collection DOAJ
description Internal erosion involves the transport of soil particles from within or beneath a geotechnical structure due to seepage flow, influencing the subsequent mechanical and hydraulic behaviour of the soil. However, predicting changes in small-strain modulus (Gmax) with eroded fines and varying principal stress directions can be challenging due to various factors related to soil fabric. The present study investigates the impact of seepage flow on Gmax, as well as the effect of principal stress rotation (PSR), of gap-graded soil with a fines content of 20%, using a novel erosion hollow cylindrical torsion shear apparatus. The erosion test results indicate that, regardless of density, the Gmax generally increases with seepage time. The trend of Gmax measured in the vertical and torsional directions varies significantly, as seepage is applied always downward, resulting in a different impact on the vertical and horizontal bedding planes. After a cycle of PSR, the induced torsional shear strain is found larger for the eroded specimens, while vertical strain decreases due to fine removal accompanied by seepage flow. In the PSR tests, the specimens subjected to erosion exhibit a greater reduction in Gmax compared to non-eroded specimens, with increasing the angles of principal stress direction. This reduction may be due to the inefficacy of the reinforced soil skeleton established by erosion against shearing. The distribution of fine particles and anisotropy induced by seepage flow contribute to non-trivial mechanical behaviour during principal stress rotation, particularly regarding small-strain shear modulus.
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spelling doaj-art-8920682a6f8b4aa4ac7bd70e98f842762024-12-16T05:34:27ZengElsevierSoils and Foundations2524-17882024-12-01646101518The effect of suffusion on small strain shear modulus of gap-graded soil under principal stress rotationSanjei Chitravel0Masahide Otsubo1Reiko Kuwano2Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; Department of Civil Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada; Corresponding author at: Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; Port and Airport Research Institute, 3-1-1 Nagase, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 239-0826 JapanInstitute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, JapanInternal erosion involves the transport of soil particles from within or beneath a geotechnical structure due to seepage flow, influencing the subsequent mechanical and hydraulic behaviour of the soil. However, predicting changes in small-strain modulus (Gmax) with eroded fines and varying principal stress directions can be challenging due to various factors related to soil fabric. The present study investigates the impact of seepage flow on Gmax, as well as the effect of principal stress rotation (PSR), of gap-graded soil with a fines content of 20%, using a novel erosion hollow cylindrical torsion shear apparatus. The erosion test results indicate that, regardless of density, the Gmax generally increases with seepage time. The trend of Gmax measured in the vertical and torsional directions varies significantly, as seepage is applied always downward, resulting in a different impact on the vertical and horizontal bedding planes. After a cycle of PSR, the induced torsional shear strain is found larger for the eroded specimens, while vertical strain decreases due to fine removal accompanied by seepage flow. In the PSR tests, the specimens subjected to erosion exhibit a greater reduction in Gmax compared to non-eroded specimens, with increasing the angles of principal stress direction. This reduction may be due to the inefficacy of the reinforced soil skeleton established by erosion against shearing. The distribution of fine particles and anisotropy induced by seepage flow contribute to non-trivial mechanical behaviour during principal stress rotation, particularly regarding small-strain shear modulus.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038080624000969Gap-graded soilFinesSmall-strain modulusSeepage timePrincipal stress rotation
spellingShingle Sanjei Chitravel
Masahide Otsubo
Reiko Kuwano
The effect of suffusion on small strain shear modulus of gap-graded soil under principal stress rotation
Soils and Foundations
Gap-graded soil
Fines
Small-strain modulus
Seepage time
Principal stress rotation
title The effect of suffusion on small strain shear modulus of gap-graded soil under principal stress rotation
title_full The effect of suffusion on small strain shear modulus of gap-graded soil under principal stress rotation
title_fullStr The effect of suffusion on small strain shear modulus of gap-graded soil under principal stress rotation
title_full_unstemmed The effect of suffusion on small strain shear modulus of gap-graded soil under principal stress rotation
title_short The effect of suffusion on small strain shear modulus of gap-graded soil under principal stress rotation
title_sort effect of suffusion on small strain shear modulus of gap graded soil under principal stress rotation
topic Gap-graded soil
Fines
Small-strain modulus
Seepage time
Principal stress rotation
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038080624000969
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