Revealing Novel Connections Between Space Weather and the Power Grid: Network Analysis of Ground‐Based Magnetometer and Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GIC) Measurements
Abstract The growing depth and breadth of data spanning the solar‐terrestrial environment requires new ways of representing and analyzing the available information. This paper applies one such new data representation—network analysis—to the study of Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs) in electri...
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| Format: | Article |
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Wiley
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Space Weather |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2021SW002727 |
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| author | Joseph Hughes Ryan Mcgranaghan Adam C. Kellerman Jacob Bortnik Robert F. Arrit Karthik Venkataramani Charles H. Perry Jackson McCormick Chigomezyo M. Ngwira Morris Cohen |
| author_facet | Joseph Hughes Ryan Mcgranaghan Adam C. Kellerman Jacob Bortnik Robert F. Arrit Karthik Venkataramani Charles H. Perry Jackson McCormick Chigomezyo M. Ngwira Morris Cohen |
| author_sort | Joseph Hughes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The growing depth and breadth of data spanning the solar‐terrestrial environment requires new ways of representing and analyzing the available information. This paper applies one such new data representation—network analysis—to the study of Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs) in electric power lines. This work uses newly available electric current data collected by power utilities through the the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) SUNBURST project and magnetometer data from the Super Magnetometer Initiative. The magnetometer data are analyzed using wavelet analysis. This new analysis method shows deviations to be more likely for equatorial stations close to water, which may be caused by the coast effect. The deviation likelihood is a complex function of latitude and magnetic local time. The GIC data are analyzed using “Quiet Day Curves” (QDCs) which help isolate geomagnetic disturbances. We find that current deviations are more common in the early morning sector, but this trend differs from station to station. These current and magnetometer data are represented in a network as nodes which are connected when both the current and magnetic measurements have a statistically significant deviation from their baseline behavior. This network is used to study the link between space weather and GICs. To do this, times when a current deviation exists are compared to times when magnetic deviations exist for each magnetometer ‐ current sensor pair. Current deviations are, on average, 1.83 times more likely when there are magnetic deviations. However, some magnetometer deviations are more indicative than others, with the strongest probability multipliers reaching 3. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-88aefa2ef8d84cb1ab0369afbd29f02b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1542-7390 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Space Weather |
| spelling | doaj-art-88aefa2ef8d84cb1ab0369afbd29f02b2025-01-14T16:30:59ZengWileySpace Weather1542-73902022-02-01202n/an/a10.1029/2021SW002727Revealing Novel Connections Between Space Weather and the Power Grid: Network Analysis of Ground‐Based Magnetometer and Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GIC) MeasurementsJoseph Hughes0Ryan Mcgranaghan1Adam C. Kellerman2Jacob Bortnik3Robert F. Arrit4Karthik Venkataramani5Charles H. Perry6Jackson McCormick7Chigomezyo M. Ngwira8Morris Cohen9ASTRA LLC Louisville CO USAASTRA LLC Louisville CO USADepartment of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USADepartment of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USATechnical Executive, Electric Power Research Institute Washington DC USAASTRA LLC Louisville CO USATechnical Executive, Electric Power Research Institute Washington DC USASchool of Electrical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USAASTRA LLC Louisville CO USASchool of Electrical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USAAbstract The growing depth and breadth of data spanning the solar‐terrestrial environment requires new ways of representing and analyzing the available information. This paper applies one such new data representation—network analysis—to the study of Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs) in electric power lines. This work uses newly available electric current data collected by power utilities through the the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) SUNBURST project and magnetometer data from the Super Magnetometer Initiative. The magnetometer data are analyzed using wavelet analysis. This new analysis method shows deviations to be more likely for equatorial stations close to water, which may be caused by the coast effect. The deviation likelihood is a complex function of latitude and magnetic local time. The GIC data are analyzed using “Quiet Day Curves” (QDCs) which help isolate geomagnetic disturbances. We find that current deviations are more common in the early morning sector, but this trend differs from station to station. These current and magnetometer data are represented in a network as nodes which are connected when both the current and magnetic measurements have a statistically significant deviation from their baseline behavior. This network is used to study the link between space weather and GICs. To do this, times when a current deviation exists are compared to times when magnetic deviations exist for each magnetometer ‐ current sensor pair. Current deviations are, on average, 1.83 times more likely when there are magnetic deviations. However, some magnetometer deviations are more indicative than others, with the strongest probability multipliers reaching 3.https://doi.org/10.1029/2021SW002727GICnetwork analysis |
| spellingShingle | Joseph Hughes Ryan Mcgranaghan Adam C. Kellerman Jacob Bortnik Robert F. Arrit Karthik Venkataramani Charles H. Perry Jackson McCormick Chigomezyo M. Ngwira Morris Cohen Revealing Novel Connections Between Space Weather and the Power Grid: Network Analysis of Ground‐Based Magnetometer and Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GIC) Measurements Space Weather GIC network analysis |
| title | Revealing Novel Connections Between Space Weather and the Power Grid: Network Analysis of Ground‐Based Magnetometer and Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GIC) Measurements |
| title_full | Revealing Novel Connections Between Space Weather and the Power Grid: Network Analysis of Ground‐Based Magnetometer and Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GIC) Measurements |
| title_fullStr | Revealing Novel Connections Between Space Weather and the Power Grid: Network Analysis of Ground‐Based Magnetometer and Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GIC) Measurements |
| title_full_unstemmed | Revealing Novel Connections Between Space Weather and the Power Grid: Network Analysis of Ground‐Based Magnetometer and Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GIC) Measurements |
| title_short | Revealing Novel Connections Between Space Weather and the Power Grid: Network Analysis of Ground‐Based Magnetometer and Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GIC) Measurements |
| title_sort | revealing novel connections between space weather and the power grid network analysis of ground based magnetometer and geomagnetically induced currents gic measurements |
| topic | GIC network analysis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2021SW002727 |
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