An In Vitro Evaluation of Industrial Hemp Extracts Against the Phytopathogenic Bacteria <i>Erwinia carotovora</i>, <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pv. <i>tomato</i>, and <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pv. <i>tabaci</i>

Pests and diseases have caused significant problems since the domestication of crops, resulting in economic loss and hunger. To overcome these problems, synthetic pesticides were developed to control pests; however, there are significant detrimental side effects of synthetic pesticides on the enviro...

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Main Authors: Getrude G. Kanyairita, Desmond G. Mortley, Willard E. Collier, Sheritta Fagbodun, Jamila M. Mweta, Hilarie Uwamahoro, Le’Shaun T. Dowell, Mwamba F. Mukuka
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Molecules
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/24/5902
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Summary:Pests and diseases have caused significant problems since the domestication of crops, resulting in economic loss and hunger. To overcome these problems, synthetic pesticides were developed to control pests; however, there are significant detrimental side effects of synthetic pesticides on the environment and human health. There is an urgent need to develop safer and more sustainable pesticides. Industrial hemp is a reservoir of compounds that could potentially replace some synthetic bactericides, fungicides, and insecticides. We determined the efficacy of industrial hemp extracts against <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pv. <i>tabaci</i> (PSTA), <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pv. <i>tomato</i> (PSTO), and <i>Erwinia carotovora</i> (EC). The study revealed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2.05 mg/mL and a non-inhibitory concentration (NIC) of 1.2 mg/mL for PSTA, an MIC of 5.7 mg/mL and NIC of 0.66 mg/mL for PSTO, and an MIC of 12.04 mg/mL and NIC of 5.4 mg/mL for EC. Time-kill assays indicated the regrowth of <i>E. carotovora</i> at 4 × MIC after 15 h and <i>P. syringae</i> pv. <i>tomato</i> at 2 × MIC after 20 h; however, <i>P. syringae</i> pv. <i>tabaci</i> had no regrowth. The susceptibility of test bacteria to hemp extract can be ordered from the most susceptible to the least susceptible, as follows: <i>P. syringae</i> pv. <i>tabaci</i> > <i>P. syringae</i> pv. <i>tomato</i> > <i>E. carotovora</i>. Overall, the data indicate hemp extract is a potential source of sustainable and safe biopesticides against these major plant pathogens.
ISSN:1420-3049