Determining ULF Wave Contributions to Geomagnetically Induced Currents: The Important Role of Sampling Rate
Abstract Past studies found that large‐amplitude geomagnetically induced current (GIC) related to magnetospheric Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) waves tend to be associated with periods >120 s at magnetic latitudes >60°, with comparatively (a) smaller GIC amplitudes at lower latitudes and shorter wa...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Space Weather |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2022SW003340 |
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| _version_ | 1841536499194003456 |
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| author | Michael D. Hartinger Xueling Shi Craig J. Rodger Ikuko Fujii E. Joshua Rigler Karl Kappler Jürgen Matzka Jeffrey J. Love Joseph B. H. Baker Daniel H. Mac Manus Michael Dalzell Tanja Petersen |
| author_facet | Michael D. Hartinger Xueling Shi Craig J. Rodger Ikuko Fujii E. Joshua Rigler Karl Kappler Jürgen Matzka Jeffrey J. Love Joseph B. H. Baker Daniel H. Mac Manus Michael Dalzell Tanja Petersen |
| author_sort | Michael D. Hartinger |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Past studies found that large‐amplitude geomagnetically induced current (GIC) related to magnetospheric Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) waves tend to be associated with periods >120 s at magnetic latitudes >60°, with comparatively (a) smaller GIC amplitudes at lower latitudes and shorter wave periods and (b) fewer reports of waves associated with GIC at lower latitudes. ULF wave periods generally decrease with decreasing latitude; thus, we examine whether these trends might be due, in part, to the undersampling of ULF wave fields in commonly available measurements with 60 s sampling intervals. We use geomagnetic field (B), geoelectric field (E), and GIC measurements with 0.5–10 s sampling intervals during the 29–31 October 2003 geomagnetic storm to show that waves with periods <∼120 s were present during times with the largest amplitude E and GIC variations. These waves contributed to roughly half the maximum E and GIC values, including during times with the maximum GIC values reported over a 14‐year monitoring interval in New Zealand. The undersampling of wave periods <120 s in 60 s measurements can preclude identification of the cause of the GIC during some time intervals. These results indicate (a) ULF waves with periods ≤120 s are an important contributor to large amplitude GIC variations, (b) the use of 0.1–1.0 Hz sampling rates reveals their contributions to B, E, and GIC, and (c) these waves' contributions are likely strongest at magnetic latitudes <60° where ULF waves often have periods <120 s. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-87b57bd8c92847579fdcc6fec2933c7c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1542-7390 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Space Weather |
| spelling | doaj-art-87b57bd8c92847579fdcc6fec2933c7c2025-01-14T16:26:43ZengWileySpace Weather1542-73902023-05-01215n/an/a10.1029/2022SW003340Determining ULF Wave Contributions to Geomagnetically Induced Currents: The Important Role of Sampling RateMichael D. Hartinger0Xueling Shi1Craig J. Rodger2Ikuko Fujii3E. Joshua Rigler4Karl Kappler5Jürgen Matzka6Jeffrey J. Love7Joseph B. H. Baker8Daniel H. Mac Manus9Michael Dalzell10Tanja Petersen11Space Science Institute Boulder CO USADepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA USADepartment of Physics University of Otago Dunedin New ZealandMeteorological College Japan Meteorological Agency Kashiwa JapanU.S. Geological Survey Geomagnetism Program Golden CO USASpace Science Institute Boulder CO USAGFZ German Research Center for Geosciences Potsdam GermanyU.S. Geological Survey Geomagnetism Program Golden CO USADepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA USADepartment of Physics University of Otago Dunedin New ZealandTranspower New Zealand Limited Wellington New ZealandGNS Science Lower Hutt New ZealandAbstract Past studies found that large‐amplitude geomagnetically induced current (GIC) related to magnetospheric Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) waves tend to be associated with periods >120 s at magnetic latitudes >60°, with comparatively (a) smaller GIC amplitudes at lower latitudes and shorter wave periods and (b) fewer reports of waves associated with GIC at lower latitudes. ULF wave periods generally decrease with decreasing latitude; thus, we examine whether these trends might be due, in part, to the undersampling of ULF wave fields in commonly available measurements with 60 s sampling intervals. We use geomagnetic field (B), geoelectric field (E), and GIC measurements with 0.5–10 s sampling intervals during the 29–31 October 2003 geomagnetic storm to show that waves with periods <∼120 s were present during times with the largest amplitude E and GIC variations. These waves contributed to roughly half the maximum E and GIC values, including during times with the maximum GIC values reported over a 14‐year monitoring interval in New Zealand. The undersampling of wave periods <120 s in 60 s measurements can preclude identification of the cause of the GIC during some time intervals. These results indicate (a) ULF waves with periods ≤120 s are an important contributor to large amplitude GIC variations, (b) the use of 0.1–1.0 Hz sampling rates reveals their contributions to B, E, and GIC, and (c) these waves' contributions are likely strongest at magnetic latitudes <60° where ULF waves often have periods <120 s.https://doi.org/10.1029/2022SW003340ULF wavegeoelectric fieldgeomagnetic fieldgeomagnetically induced currentsampling rateNyquist frequency |
| spellingShingle | Michael D. Hartinger Xueling Shi Craig J. Rodger Ikuko Fujii E. Joshua Rigler Karl Kappler Jürgen Matzka Jeffrey J. Love Joseph B. H. Baker Daniel H. Mac Manus Michael Dalzell Tanja Petersen Determining ULF Wave Contributions to Geomagnetically Induced Currents: The Important Role of Sampling Rate Space Weather ULF wave geoelectric field geomagnetic field geomagnetically induced current sampling rate Nyquist frequency |
| title | Determining ULF Wave Contributions to Geomagnetically Induced Currents: The Important Role of Sampling Rate |
| title_full | Determining ULF Wave Contributions to Geomagnetically Induced Currents: The Important Role of Sampling Rate |
| title_fullStr | Determining ULF Wave Contributions to Geomagnetically Induced Currents: The Important Role of Sampling Rate |
| title_full_unstemmed | Determining ULF Wave Contributions to Geomagnetically Induced Currents: The Important Role of Sampling Rate |
| title_short | Determining ULF Wave Contributions to Geomagnetically Induced Currents: The Important Role of Sampling Rate |
| title_sort | determining ulf wave contributions to geomagnetically induced currents the important role of sampling rate |
| topic | ULF wave geoelectric field geomagnetic field geomagnetically induced current sampling rate Nyquist frequency |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2022SW003340 |
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