Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC): current insights and future challenges
ABSTRACT: Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes colibacillosis in avian species, and new investigations have implicated APEC as a possible foodborne zoonotic pathogen. This review analyzes APEC's pathogenic and virulence features, assesses the zoonotic potential, provides an update on...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Poultry Science |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579124009374 |
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| author | Saqib Nawaz Zhihao Wang Yan Zhang Yuanzheng Jia Wei Jiang Zhaoguo Chen Huifang Yin Cuiqin Huang Xiangan Han |
| author_facet | Saqib Nawaz Zhihao Wang Yan Zhang Yuanzheng Jia Wei Jiang Zhaoguo Chen Huifang Yin Cuiqin Huang Xiangan Han |
| author_sort | Saqib Nawaz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT: Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes colibacillosis in avian species, and new investigations have implicated APEC as a possible foodborne zoonotic pathogen. This review analyzes APEC's pathogenic and virulence features, assesses the zoonotic potential, provides an update on antibiotic resistance and vaccine research efforts, and outlines alternate management approaches. Aside from established virulence factors, various additional components, including 2-component systems (TCS), adhesins, secretion systems (SS), invasions, iron acquisition systems, quorum sensing systems (QS), transcriptional regulators (TR), toxins, and genes linked with metabolism, contribute to APEC pathogenesis. APEC may spread to diverse species of birds in all business sectors and can infect birds of varying ages. However, younger birds experience more severe sickness than mature ones, probably due to their developing immune systems, and stress factors such as vaccination, Mycoplasma Infections, poor housing circumstances, respiratory viruses, and other risk factors for secondary infections can all make APEC both primary and secondary pathogens. Understanding these factors will help in generating new and effective treatments. Moreover, APEC O145 was the most prevalent serotype recently reported in all of China. Thus, the APEC's zoonotic potential should not be underrated. Furthermore, it has already been noted that APEC is resistant to almost all antibiotic classes, including carbapenems. A robust vaccine capable of protecting against multiple APEC serotypes is urgently needed. Alternative medications, particularly virulence inhibitors, can provide a special method with a decreased likelihood of acquiring resistance. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-87518f3be27d46f5802b30431013368d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0032-5791 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Poultry Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-87518f3be27d46f5802b30431013368d2024-12-14T06:29:01ZengElsevierPoultry Science0032-57912024-12-0110312104359Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC): current insights and future challengesSaqib Nawaz0Zhihao Wang1Yan Zhang2Yuanzheng Jia3Wei Jiang4Zhaoguo Chen5Huifang Yin6Cuiqin Huang7Xiangan Han8Engineering Research Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Original Zoonosis, Fujian Province, College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, China; Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, ChinaShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, ChinaShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, ChinaShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, ChinaShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, ChinaShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, ChinaEngineering Research Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Original Zoonosis, Fujian Province, College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, ChinaEngineering Research Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Original Zoonosis, Fujian Province, College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, ChinaEngineering Research Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Original Zoonosis, Fujian Province, College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, Fujian, China; Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, 200241, China; Corresponding author:ABSTRACT: Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes colibacillosis in avian species, and new investigations have implicated APEC as a possible foodborne zoonotic pathogen. This review analyzes APEC's pathogenic and virulence features, assesses the zoonotic potential, provides an update on antibiotic resistance and vaccine research efforts, and outlines alternate management approaches. Aside from established virulence factors, various additional components, including 2-component systems (TCS), adhesins, secretion systems (SS), invasions, iron acquisition systems, quorum sensing systems (QS), transcriptional regulators (TR), toxins, and genes linked with metabolism, contribute to APEC pathogenesis. APEC may spread to diverse species of birds in all business sectors and can infect birds of varying ages. However, younger birds experience more severe sickness than mature ones, probably due to their developing immune systems, and stress factors such as vaccination, Mycoplasma Infections, poor housing circumstances, respiratory viruses, and other risk factors for secondary infections can all make APEC both primary and secondary pathogens. Understanding these factors will help in generating new and effective treatments. Moreover, APEC O145 was the most prevalent serotype recently reported in all of China. Thus, the APEC's zoonotic potential should not be underrated. Furthermore, it has already been noted that APEC is resistant to almost all antibiotic classes, including carbapenems. A robust vaccine capable of protecting against multiple APEC serotypes is urgently needed. Alternative medications, particularly virulence inhibitors, can provide a special method with a decreased likelihood of acquiring resistance.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579124009374avian pathogenic Escherichia colifoodbornezoonoticvirulence |
| spellingShingle | Saqib Nawaz Zhihao Wang Yan Zhang Yuanzheng Jia Wei Jiang Zhaoguo Chen Huifang Yin Cuiqin Huang Xiangan Han Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC): current insights and future challenges Poultry Science avian pathogenic Escherichia coli foodborne zoonotic virulence |
| title | Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC): current insights and future challenges |
| title_full | Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC): current insights and future challenges |
| title_fullStr | Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC): current insights and future challenges |
| title_full_unstemmed | Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC): current insights and future challenges |
| title_short | Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC): current insights and future challenges |
| title_sort | avian pathogenic escherichia coli apec current insights and future challenges |
| topic | avian pathogenic Escherichia coli foodborne zoonotic virulence |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579124009374 |
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