Factors for Treatment Failure After Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infection

Recently, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been introduced as an effective treatment option for <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection (CDI). However, the risk factors associated with FMT treatment failure have not been well demonstrated. Therefore, we aimed to investigate t...

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Main Authors: Soo-Hyun Park, Jung-Hwan Lee, Suhjoon Lee, Jongbeom Shin, Boram Cha, Ji-Taek Hong, Kye Sook Kwon
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Microorganisms
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/12/2539
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author Soo-Hyun Park
Jung-Hwan Lee
Suhjoon Lee
Jongbeom Shin
Boram Cha
Ji-Taek Hong
Kye Sook Kwon
author_facet Soo-Hyun Park
Jung-Hwan Lee
Suhjoon Lee
Jongbeom Shin
Boram Cha
Ji-Taek Hong
Kye Sook Kwon
author_sort Soo-Hyun Park
collection DOAJ
description Recently, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been introduced as an effective treatment option for <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection (CDI). However, the risk factors associated with FMT treatment failure have not been well demonstrated. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the risk factors of treatment failure or recurrence after FMT for CDI. This retrospective study included 124 patients with CDI who underwent FMT at Inha University Hospital between November 2017 and August 2021 and were followed up for 8 weeks after FMT for symptoms of CDI. FMT failure was defined as diarrhea recurrence or a positive stool test. We assessed the risk factors for treatment failure, including comorbidities, antibiotic use pre- and post-FMT, and the number of CDI episodes before FMT. Ninety-three patients (75%) experienced symptom improvement <7 days after FMT, while treatment failure occurred in 40 patients (32.3%). Multivariate analysis revealed that males had a lower symptom improvement rate <7 days after FMT (<i>p</i> = 0.049). Patients using antibiotics after FMT showed a higher rate of recurrence or treatment failure in <8 weeks (<i>p</i> = 0.032). Patients requiring antibiotics after FMT should be considered at higher risk of treatment failure. Careful antibiotic stewardship, particularly minimizing non-essential antibiotic use before and after FMT, may significantly enhance treatment outcomes. Further large-scale prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings and develop targeted antibiotic management protocols for improving the efficacy of FMT in CDI treatment.
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spelling doaj-art-8741b749b0c24a04b1ba4bb352c796b02024-12-27T14:41:29ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072024-12-011212253910.3390/microorganisms12122539Factors for Treatment Failure After Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> InfectionSoo-Hyun Park0Jung-Hwan Lee1Suhjoon Lee2Jongbeom Shin3Boram Cha4Ji-Taek Hong5Kye Sook Kwon6Department of Neurology, Soon Chun Hyang University Hospital Seoul, Seoul 05355, Republic of KoreaDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Republic of KoreaDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Republic of KoreaDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Republic of KoreaDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Republic of KoreaDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Republic of KoreaDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Republic of KoreaRecently, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been introduced as an effective treatment option for <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection (CDI). However, the risk factors associated with FMT treatment failure have not been well demonstrated. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the risk factors of treatment failure or recurrence after FMT for CDI. This retrospective study included 124 patients with CDI who underwent FMT at Inha University Hospital between November 2017 and August 2021 and were followed up for 8 weeks after FMT for symptoms of CDI. FMT failure was defined as diarrhea recurrence or a positive stool test. We assessed the risk factors for treatment failure, including comorbidities, antibiotic use pre- and post-FMT, and the number of CDI episodes before FMT. Ninety-three patients (75%) experienced symptom improvement <7 days after FMT, while treatment failure occurred in 40 patients (32.3%). Multivariate analysis revealed that males had a lower symptom improvement rate <7 days after FMT (<i>p</i> = 0.049). Patients using antibiotics after FMT showed a higher rate of recurrence or treatment failure in <8 weeks (<i>p</i> = 0.032). Patients requiring antibiotics after FMT should be considered at higher risk of treatment failure. Careful antibiotic stewardship, particularly minimizing non-essential antibiotic use before and after FMT, may significantly enhance treatment outcomes. Further large-scale prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings and develop targeted antibiotic management protocols for improving the efficacy of FMT in CDI treatment.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/12/2539fecal microbiota transplantationmicrobiomerisk factoroutcomeantibiotics
spellingShingle Soo-Hyun Park
Jung-Hwan Lee
Suhjoon Lee
Jongbeom Shin
Boram Cha
Ji-Taek Hong
Kye Sook Kwon
Factors for Treatment Failure After Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infection
Microorganisms
fecal microbiota transplantation
microbiome
risk factor
outcome
antibiotics
title Factors for Treatment Failure After Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infection
title_full Factors for Treatment Failure After Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infection
title_fullStr Factors for Treatment Failure After Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infection
title_full_unstemmed Factors for Treatment Failure After Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infection
title_short Factors for Treatment Failure After Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infection
title_sort factors for treatment failure after fecal microbiota transplantation in i clostridioides difficile i infection
topic fecal microbiota transplantation
microbiome
risk factor
outcome
antibiotics
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/12/2539
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