Study on the Method of Vineyard Information Extraction Based on Spectral and Texture Features of GF-6 Satellite Imagery

Accurately identifying the distribution of vineyard cultivation is of great significance for the development of the grape industry and the optimization of planting structures. Traditional remote sensing techniques for vineyard identification primarily depend on machine learning algorithms based on s...

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Main Authors: Xuemei Han, Huichun Ye, Yue Zhang, Chaojia Nie, Fu Wen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Agronomy
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/11/2542
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author Xuemei Han
Huichun Ye
Yue Zhang
Chaojia Nie
Fu Wen
author_facet Xuemei Han
Huichun Ye
Yue Zhang
Chaojia Nie
Fu Wen
author_sort Xuemei Han
collection DOAJ
description Accurately identifying the distribution of vineyard cultivation is of great significance for the development of the grape industry and the optimization of planting structures. Traditional remote sensing techniques for vineyard identification primarily depend on machine learning algorithms based on spectral features. However, the spectral reflectance similarities between grapevines and other orchard vegetation lead to persistent misclassification and omission errors across various machine learning algorithms. As a perennial vine plant, grapes are cultivated using trellis systems, displaying regular row spacing and distinctive strip-like texture patterns in high-resolution satellite imagery. This study selected the main oasis area of Turpan City in Xinjiang, China, as the research area. First, this study extracted both spectral and texture features based on GF-6 satellite imagery, subsequently employing the Boruta algorithm to discern the relative significance of these remote sensing features. Then, this study constructed vineyard information extraction models by integrating spectral and texture features, using machine learning algorithms including Naive Bayes (NB), Support Vector Machines (SVMs), and Random Forests (RFs). The efficacy of various machine learning algorithms and remote sensing features in extracting vineyard information was subsequently evaluated and compared. The results indicate that three spectral features and five texture features under a 7 × 7 window have significant sensitivity to vineyard recognition. These spectral features include the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), while texture features include contrast statistics in the near-infrared band (B4_CO) and the variance statistic, contrast statistic, heterogeneity statistic, and correlation statistic derived from NDVI images (NDVI_VA, NDVI_CO, NDVI_DI, and NDVI_COR). The RF algorithm significantly outperforms both the NB and SVM models in extracting vineyard information, boasting an impressive accuracy of 93.89% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.89. This marks a 12.25% increase in accuracy and a 0.11 increment in the Kappa coefficient over the NB model, as well as an 8.02% enhancement in accuracy and a 0.06 rise in the Kappa coefficient compared to the SVM model. Moreover, the RF model, which amalgamates spectral and texture features, exhibits a notable 13.59% increase in accuracy versus the spectral-only model and a 14.92% improvement over the texture-only model. This underscores the efficacy of the RF model in harnessing the spectral and textural attributes of GF-6 imagery for the precise extraction of vineyard data, offering valuable theoretical and methodological insights for future vineyard identification and information retrieval efforts.
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spelling doaj-art-86f53b8ba5584e939904ed0ec236c22e2024-11-26T17:44:22ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952024-10-011411254210.3390/agronomy14112542Study on the Method of Vineyard Information Extraction Based on Spectral and Texture Features of GF-6 Satellite ImageryXuemei Han0Huichun Ye1Yue Zhang2Chaojia Nie3Fu Wen4College of Geology and Mining Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830047, ChinaInternational Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, ChinaInternational Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, ChinaInternational Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, ChinaCollege of Water Resources Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, ChinaAccurately identifying the distribution of vineyard cultivation is of great significance for the development of the grape industry and the optimization of planting structures. Traditional remote sensing techniques for vineyard identification primarily depend on machine learning algorithms based on spectral features. However, the spectral reflectance similarities between grapevines and other orchard vegetation lead to persistent misclassification and omission errors across various machine learning algorithms. As a perennial vine plant, grapes are cultivated using trellis systems, displaying regular row spacing and distinctive strip-like texture patterns in high-resolution satellite imagery. This study selected the main oasis area of Turpan City in Xinjiang, China, as the research area. First, this study extracted both spectral and texture features based on GF-6 satellite imagery, subsequently employing the Boruta algorithm to discern the relative significance of these remote sensing features. Then, this study constructed vineyard information extraction models by integrating spectral and texture features, using machine learning algorithms including Naive Bayes (NB), Support Vector Machines (SVMs), and Random Forests (RFs). The efficacy of various machine learning algorithms and remote sensing features in extracting vineyard information was subsequently evaluated and compared. The results indicate that three spectral features and five texture features under a 7 × 7 window have significant sensitivity to vineyard recognition. These spectral features include the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), while texture features include contrast statistics in the near-infrared band (B4_CO) and the variance statistic, contrast statistic, heterogeneity statistic, and correlation statistic derived from NDVI images (NDVI_VA, NDVI_CO, NDVI_DI, and NDVI_COR). The RF algorithm significantly outperforms both the NB and SVM models in extracting vineyard information, boasting an impressive accuracy of 93.89% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.89. This marks a 12.25% increase in accuracy and a 0.11 increment in the Kappa coefficient over the NB model, as well as an 8.02% enhancement in accuracy and a 0.06 rise in the Kappa coefficient compared to the SVM model. Moreover, the RF model, which amalgamates spectral and texture features, exhibits a notable 13.59% increase in accuracy versus the spectral-only model and a 14.92% improvement over the texture-only model. This underscores the efficacy of the RF model in harnessing the spectral and textural attributes of GF-6 imagery for the precise extraction of vineyard data, offering valuable theoretical and methodological insights for future vineyard identification and information retrieval efforts.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/11/2542remote sensing featuresmachine learningBoruta algorithmorchard extractionfeature selection
spellingShingle Xuemei Han
Huichun Ye
Yue Zhang
Chaojia Nie
Fu Wen
Study on the Method of Vineyard Information Extraction Based on Spectral and Texture Features of GF-6 Satellite Imagery
Agronomy
remote sensing features
machine learning
Boruta algorithm
orchard extraction
feature selection
title Study on the Method of Vineyard Information Extraction Based on Spectral and Texture Features of GF-6 Satellite Imagery
title_full Study on the Method of Vineyard Information Extraction Based on Spectral and Texture Features of GF-6 Satellite Imagery
title_fullStr Study on the Method of Vineyard Information Extraction Based on Spectral and Texture Features of GF-6 Satellite Imagery
title_full_unstemmed Study on the Method of Vineyard Information Extraction Based on Spectral and Texture Features of GF-6 Satellite Imagery
title_short Study on the Method of Vineyard Information Extraction Based on Spectral and Texture Features of GF-6 Satellite Imagery
title_sort study on the method of vineyard information extraction based on spectral and texture features of gf 6 satellite imagery
topic remote sensing features
machine learning
Boruta algorithm
orchard extraction
feature selection
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/11/2542
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AT yuezhang studyonthemethodofvineyardinformationextractionbasedonspectralandtexturefeaturesofgf6satelliteimagery
AT chaojianie studyonthemethodofvineyardinformationextractionbasedonspectralandtexturefeaturesofgf6satelliteimagery
AT fuwen studyonthemethodofvineyardinformationextractionbasedonspectralandtexturefeaturesofgf6satelliteimagery