Seasonal Variation in Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oil from <i>Cinnamomum cassia</i> Leaves
<i>Cinnamomum cassia</i> has been extensively utilized in traditional medicine systems worldwide. The essential oil (EO) content and composition are influenced by various external and internal factors, such as climate and harvest season, making it vital to determine the optimal harvest p...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Yanrong Cheng Ying Fu Dingze Gu Yan Huang Yongqi Lu Yujie Liu Xiulan Li Xinyue Yao Xinxuan Zhang Wanying Jian Peiwei Liu Hong Wu Yanqun Li |
| author_facet | Yanrong Cheng Ying Fu Dingze Gu Yan Huang Yongqi Lu Yujie Liu Xiulan Li Xinyue Yao Xinxuan Zhang Wanying Jian Peiwei Liu Hong Wu Yanqun Li |
| author_sort | Yanrong Cheng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Cinnamomum cassia</i> has been extensively utilized in traditional medicine systems worldwide. The essential oil (EO) content and composition are influenced by various external and internal factors, such as climate and harvest season, making it vital to determine the optimal harvest period for high-quality EO production. This study is the first to evaluate the chemical profiles, as well as the antioxidant and antibacterial activities, of <i>C. cassia</i> leaf oil across the four seasons. GC–MS and FTIR analyses revealed significant seasonal variations in the components. Spring and autumn leaf oils contained the highest EO (2.20% and 1.95%, respectively) and <i>trans</i>-cinnamaldehyde (92.59% and 91.10%, respectively). Temperature and humidity primarily affected EO and <i>trans</i>-cinnamaldehyde accumulation. <i>C. cassia</i> leaf oil demonstrated the strongest antibacterial activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.25 mg/mL against <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>L. monocytogenes</i> for the spring oil. The MICs for the other three seasonal samples were 0.5 mg/mL for <i>S. aureus</i>, <i>M. luteus</i>, and <i>L. monocytogenes</i>, and 1.0 mg/mL for <i>P. putida</i>. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the EOs across all seasons against <i>S. aureus</i> ranged from 0.5 to 1 mg/mL. Winter leaf oil exhibited high antioxidant activity, primarily due to the presence of <i>cis</i>-cinnamaldehyde, caryophyllene, humulene, alloaromadendrene, γ-muurolene, <i>cis</i>-bisabolene, o-methoxycinnamaldehyde, and phenolics. This study provides essential data and valuable references for optimizing resource utilization and determining the ideal harvest time for <i>C. cassia</i> leaves. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-86cd2a1a19e043b4a36ac605918e122e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj-art-86cd2a1a19e043b4a36ac605918e122e2025-01-10T13:19:42ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472024-12-011418110.3390/plants14010081Seasonal Variation in Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oil from <i>Cinnamomum cassia</i> LeavesYanrong Cheng0Ying Fu1Dingze Gu2Yan Huang3Yongqi Lu4Yujie Liu5Xiulan Li6Xinyue Yao7Xinxuan Zhang8Wanying Jian9Peiwei Liu10Hong Wu11Yanqun Li12Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaGuangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaGuangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaGuangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaGuangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaGuangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaGuangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaGuangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaGuangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaGuangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaHainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, ChinaGuangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaGuangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China<i>Cinnamomum cassia</i> has been extensively utilized in traditional medicine systems worldwide. The essential oil (EO) content and composition are influenced by various external and internal factors, such as climate and harvest season, making it vital to determine the optimal harvest period for high-quality EO production. This study is the first to evaluate the chemical profiles, as well as the antioxidant and antibacterial activities, of <i>C. cassia</i> leaf oil across the four seasons. GC–MS and FTIR analyses revealed significant seasonal variations in the components. Spring and autumn leaf oils contained the highest EO (2.20% and 1.95%, respectively) and <i>trans</i>-cinnamaldehyde (92.59% and 91.10%, respectively). Temperature and humidity primarily affected EO and <i>trans</i>-cinnamaldehyde accumulation. <i>C. cassia</i> leaf oil demonstrated the strongest antibacterial activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.25 mg/mL against <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>L. monocytogenes</i> for the spring oil. The MICs for the other three seasonal samples were 0.5 mg/mL for <i>S. aureus</i>, <i>M. luteus</i>, and <i>L. monocytogenes</i>, and 1.0 mg/mL for <i>P. putida</i>. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the EOs across all seasons against <i>S. aureus</i> ranged from 0.5 to 1 mg/mL. Winter leaf oil exhibited high antioxidant activity, primarily due to the presence of <i>cis</i>-cinnamaldehyde, caryophyllene, humulene, alloaromadendrene, γ-muurolene, <i>cis</i>-bisabolene, o-methoxycinnamaldehyde, and phenolics. This study provides essential data and valuable references for optimizing resource utilization and determining the ideal harvest time for <i>C. cassia</i> leaves.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/1/81<i>Cinnamomum cassia</i>temperaturechemical variationantibacterial effectantioxidant activity |
| spellingShingle | Yanrong Cheng Ying Fu Dingze Gu Yan Huang Yongqi Lu Yujie Liu Xiulan Li Xinyue Yao Xinxuan Zhang Wanying Jian Peiwei Liu Hong Wu Yanqun Li Seasonal Variation in Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oil from <i>Cinnamomum cassia</i> Leaves Plants <i>Cinnamomum cassia</i> temperature chemical variation antibacterial effect antioxidant activity |
| title | Seasonal Variation in Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oil from <i>Cinnamomum cassia</i> Leaves |
| title_full | Seasonal Variation in Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oil from <i>Cinnamomum cassia</i> Leaves |
| title_fullStr | Seasonal Variation in Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oil from <i>Cinnamomum cassia</i> Leaves |
| title_full_unstemmed | Seasonal Variation in Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oil from <i>Cinnamomum cassia</i> Leaves |
| title_short | Seasonal Variation in Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oil from <i>Cinnamomum cassia</i> Leaves |
| title_sort | seasonal variation in chemical composition and antioxidant and antibacterial activity of essential oil from i cinnamomum cassia i leaves |
| topic | <i>Cinnamomum cassia</i> temperature chemical variation antibacterial effect antioxidant activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/1/81 |
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