Monitoring and Disaster Assessment of Glacier Lake Outburst in High Mountains Asian Using Multi-Satellites and HEC-RAS: A Case of Kyagar in 2018
The glaciers in the High Mountain Asia (HMA) region are highly vulnerable to global warming, posing significant threats to downstream populations and infrastructure through glacier lake outburst floods (GLOFs). The monitoring and early warnings of these events are challenging due to sparse observati...
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2024-11-01
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| author | Long Jiang Zhiqiang Lin Zhenbo Zhou Hongxin Luo Jiafeng Zheng Dongsheng Su Minhong Song |
| author_facet | Long Jiang Zhiqiang Lin Zhenbo Zhou Hongxin Luo Jiafeng Zheng Dongsheng Su Minhong Song |
| author_sort | Long Jiang |
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| description | The glaciers in the High Mountain Asia (HMA) region are highly vulnerable to global warming, posing significant threats to downstream populations and infrastructure through glacier lake outburst floods (GLOFs). The monitoring and early warnings of these events are challenging due to sparse observations in these remote regions. To explore reproducing the evolution of GLOFs with sparse observations in situ, this study focuses on the outburst event and corresponding GLOFs in August 2018 caused by the Kyagar Glacier lake, a typical glacier lake of the HMA in the Karakoram, which is known for its frequent outburst events, using a combination of multi-satellite remote sensing data (Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2) and the HEC-RAS hydrodynamic model. The water depth of the glacier lake and downstream was extracted from satellite data adapted by the Floodwater Depth Elevation Tool (FwDET) as a baseline to compare them with simulations. The elevation-water volume curve was obtained by extrapolation and was applied to calculate the water surface elevation (WSE). The inundation of the downstream of the lake outburst was obtained through flood modeling by incorporating a load elevation-water volume curve and the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) into the hydrodynamic model HEC-RAS. The results showed that the Kyagar glacial lake outburst was rapid and destructive, accompanied by strong currents at the end of each downstream storage ladder. A series of meteorological evaluation indicators showed that HEC-RAS reproduced the medium and low streamflow rates well. This study demonstrated the value of integrating remote sensing and hydrodynamic modeling into GLOF assessments in data-scarce regions, providing insights for disaster risk management and mitigation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-864aab3b18654c0cb485d43ad0d2a971 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj-art-864aab3b18654c0cb485d43ad0d2a9712024-12-13T16:30:53ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922024-11-011623444710.3390/rs16234447Monitoring and Disaster Assessment of Glacier Lake Outburst in High Mountains Asian Using Multi-Satellites and HEC-RAS: A Case of Kyagar in 2018Long Jiang0Zhiqiang Lin1Zhenbo Zhou2Hongxin Luo3Jiafeng Zheng4Dongsheng Su5Minhong Song6School of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, ChinaSchool of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, ChinaTibet Institute of Plateau Atmospheric and Environmental Science, Meteorological Bureau of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa 850000, ChinaSchool of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, ChinaSchool of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, ChinaSchool of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, ChinaSchool of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, ChinaThe glaciers in the High Mountain Asia (HMA) region are highly vulnerable to global warming, posing significant threats to downstream populations and infrastructure through glacier lake outburst floods (GLOFs). The monitoring and early warnings of these events are challenging due to sparse observations in these remote regions. To explore reproducing the evolution of GLOFs with sparse observations in situ, this study focuses on the outburst event and corresponding GLOFs in August 2018 caused by the Kyagar Glacier lake, a typical glacier lake of the HMA in the Karakoram, which is known for its frequent outburst events, using a combination of multi-satellite remote sensing data (Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2) and the HEC-RAS hydrodynamic model. The water depth of the glacier lake and downstream was extracted from satellite data adapted by the Floodwater Depth Elevation Tool (FwDET) as a baseline to compare them with simulations. The elevation-water volume curve was obtained by extrapolation and was applied to calculate the water surface elevation (WSE). The inundation of the downstream of the lake outburst was obtained through flood modeling by incorporating a load elevation-water volume curve and the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) into the hydrodynamic model HEC-RAS. The results showed that the Kyagar glacial lake outburst was rapid and destructive, accompanied by strong currents at the end of each downstream storage ladder. A series of meteorological evaluation indicators showed that HEC-RAS reproduced the medium and low streamflow rates well. This study demonstrated the value of integrating remote sensing and hydrodynamic modeling into GLOF assessments in data-scarce regions, providing insights for disaster risk management and mitigation.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/23/4447Kyagar GlacierGlacier lakeremote sensinghigh mountain AsiaHEC-RAS |
| spellingShingle | Long Jiang Zhiqiang Lin Zhenbo Zhou Hongxin Luo Jiafeng Zheng Dongsheng Su Minhong Song Monitoring and Disaster Assessment of Glacier Lake Outburst in High Mountains Asian Using Multi-Satellites and HEC-RAS: A Case of Kyagar in 2018 Remote Sensing Kyagar Glacier Glacier lake remote sensing high mountain Asia HEC-RAS |
| title | Monitoring and Disaster Assessment of Glacier Lake Outburst in High Mountains Asian Using Multi-Satellites and HEC-RAS: A Case of Kyagar in 2018 |
| title_full | Monitoring and Disaster Assessment of Glacier Lake Outburst in High Mountains Asian Using Multi-Satellites and HEC-RAS: A Case of Kyagar in 2018 |
| title_fullStr | Monitoring and Disaster Assessment of Glacier Lake Outburst in High Mountains Asian Using Multi-Satellites and HEC-RAS: A Case of Kyagar in 2018 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Monitoring and Disaster Assessment of Glacier Lake Outburst in High Mountains Asian Using Multi-Satellites and HEC-RAS: A Case of Kyagar in 2018 |
| title_short | Monitoring and Disaster Assessment of Glacier Lake Outburst in High Mountains Asian Using Multi-Satellites and HEC-RAS: A Case of Kyagar in 2018 |
| title_sort | monitoring and disaster assessment of glacier lake outburst in high mountains asian using multi satellites and hec ras a case of kyagar in 2018 |
| topic | Kyagar Glacier Glacier lake remote sensing high mountain Asia HEC-RAS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/23/4447 |
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