Characterization and in vitro anticancer study of PEGylated liposome dually loaded with ferulic acid and doxorubicin
Abstract Doxorubicin is an anthracycline antibiotic widely used in cancer therapy. However, its cytotoxic properties affect both cancerous and healthy cells. Combining doxorubicin with antioxidants such as ferulic acid reduces its side effects, while simultaneously enhancing therapeutic effectivenes...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Andang Miatmoko Patricia Kinanti Christy Alfionita Isnaini Berlian Sarasitha Hariawan Devy Maulidya Cahyani Margaret Ahmad Nuzul Wahyuning Diyah Mohamad Faris Adrianto Ravi Kiran Deevi Iwan Sahrial Hamid Juni Ekowati |
| author_facet | Andang Miatmoko Patricia Kinanti Christy Alfionita Isnaini Berlian Sarasitha Hariawan Devy Maulidya Cahyani Margaret Ahmad Nuzul Wahyuning Diyah Mohamad Faris Adrianto Ravi Kiran Deevi Iwan Sahrial Hamid Juni Ekowati |
| author_sort | Andang Miatmoko |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Doxorubicin is an anthracycline antibiotic widely used in cancer therapy. However, its cytotoxic properties affect both cancerous and healthy cells. Combining doxorubicin with antioxidants such as ferulic acid reduces its side effects, while simultaneously enhancing therapeutic effectiveness. The low bioavailability of these drugs demonstrate that drug delivery carriers are required to enable the target site to be accessed. The doxorubicin and ferulic acid-loaded liposome composed of HSPC, Cholesterol, and DSPE-mPEG2000 (55:40:5 molar ratio) was prepared by thin film hydration method. The findings indicate that the encapsulation of ferulic acid had an impact on liposome characteristics, i.e., increasing the particle size of Lipo-DOX from 134.5 ± 4.8 nm to 154.1 ± 5.2 nm for Lipo DOX-FA, increasing the zeta potential of Lipo-DOX from − 16.04 ± 2.59 to 0.2 ± 0.0 mV for Lipo DOX-FA, and reducing the entrapment efficiency percentage of Lipo-DOX from 88.30 ± 1.89% to 85.99 ± 3.02% for Lipo DOX-FA. The infrared spectra of Lipo DOX-FA exhibited shifted absorption bands, indicating the interaction between the carboxyl group of ferulic acid and the choline polar head of phospholipid. Moreover, changes to the DSC thermogram were observed following the incorporation of ferulic acid into the liposome, while the Lipo DOX-FA exhibited a relatively rapid drug release compared to Lipo DOX suggesting a slightly shorter period necessary to attain both therapeutic efficacy and the maintenance of a stable drug encapsulation in the systemic circulation. An in vitro study of LLC and HeLa cells showed that the IC50 values of Lipo DOX-FA were 0.70 µg/mL and 1.56 µg/mL, while the CC50 value in normal HEK cells was 6.50 µg/mL. This study suggested that while co-loading FA into Lipo DOX reduced the IC50 value, indicating enhanced cytotoxicity in cancer cells, it had no effect on DOX liposome cytotoxicity in normal HEK cells. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8635bd3137ae48f68eb97235b88b1e4e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-8635bd3137ae48f68eb97235b88b1e4e2025-01-12T12:19:04ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-0115111310.1038/s41598-024-82228-7Characterization and in vitro anticancer study of PEGylated liposome dually loaded with ferulic acid and doxorubicinAndang Miatmoko0Patricia Kinanti Christy1Alfionita Isnaini2Berlian Sarasitha Hariawan3Devy Maulidya Cahyani4Margaret Ahmad5Nuzul Wahyuning Diyah6Mohamad Faris Adrianto7Ravi Kiran Deevi8Iwan Sahrial Hamid9Juni Ekowati10Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas AirlanggaStudy Program of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas AirlanggaStudy Program of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas AirlanggaMaster Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas AirlanggaMaster Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas AirlanggaUMR CNRS 8256 (B2A), IBPS, Sorbonne UniversitéDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas AirlanggaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas AirlanggaSchool of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas AirlanggaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas AirlanggaAbstract Doxorubicin is an anthracycline antibiotic widely used in cancer therapy. However, its cytotoxic properties affect both cancerous and healthy cells. Combining doxorubicin with antioxidants such as ferulic acid reduces its side effects, while simultaneously enhancing therapeutic effectiveness. The low bioavailability of these drugs demonstrate that drug delivery carriers are required to enable the target site to be accessed. The doxorubicin and ferulic acid-loaded liposome composed of HSPC, Cholesterol, and DSPE-mPEG2000 (55:40:5 molar ratio) was prepared by thin film hydration method. The findings indicate that the encapsulation of ferulic acid had an impact on liposome characteristics, i.e., increasing the particle size of Lipo-DOX from 134.5 ± 4.8 nm to 154.1 ± 5.2 nm for Lipo DOX-FA, increasing the zeta potential of Lipo-DOX from − 16.04 ± 2.59 to 0.2 ± 0.0 mV for Lipo DOX-FA, and reducing the entrapment efficiency percentage of Lipo-DOX from 88.30 ± 1.89% to 85.99 ± 3.02% for Lipo DOX-FA. The infrared spectra of Lipo DOX-FA exhibited shifted absorption bands, indicating the interaction between the carboxyl group of ferulic acid and the choline polar head of phospholipid. Moreover, changes to the DSC thermogram were observed following the incorporation of ferulic acid into the liposome, while the Lipo DOX-FA exhibited a relatively rapid drug release compared to Lipo DOX suggesting a slightly shorter period necessary to attain both therapeutic efficacy and the maintenance of a stable drug encapsulation in the systemic circulation. An in vitro study of LLC and HeLa cells showed that the IC50 values of Lipo DOX-FA were 0.70 µg/mL and 1.56 µg/mL, while the CC50 value in normal HEK cells was 6.50 µg/mL. This study suggested that while co-loading FA into Lipo DOX reduced the IC50 value, indicating enhanced cytotoxicity in cancer cells, it had no effect on DOX liposome cytotoxicity in normal HEK cells.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-82228-7CancerDoxorubicinFerulic acidLiposomeCharacteristicCytotoxicity |
| spellingShingle | Andang Miatmoko Patricia Kinanti Christy Alfionita Isnaini Berlian Sarasitha Hariawan Devy Maulidya Cahyani Margaret Ahmad Nuzul Wahyuning Diyah Mohamad Faris Adrianto Ravi Kiran Deevi Iwan Sahrial Hamid Juni Ekowati Characterization and in vitro anticancer study of PEGylated liposome dually loaded with ferulic acid and doxorubicin Scientific Reports Cancer Doxorubicin Ferulic acid Liposome Characteristic Cytotoxicity |
| title | Characterization and in vitro anticancer study of PEGylated liposome dually loaded with ferulic acid and doxorubicin |
| title_full | Characterization and in vitro anticancer study of PEGylated liposome dually loaded with ferulic acid and doxorubicin |
| title_fullStr | Characterization and in vitro anticancer study of PEGylated liposome dually loaded with ferulic acid and doxorubicin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization and in vitro anticancer study of PEGylated liposome dually loaded with ferulic acid and doxorubicin |
| title_short | Characterization and in vitro anticancer study of PEGylated liposome dually loaded with ferulic acid and doxorubicin |
| title_sort | characterization and in vitro anticancer study of pegylated liposome dually loaded with ferulic acid and doxorubicin |
| topic | Cancer Doxorubicin Ferulic acid Liposome Characteristic Cytotoxicity |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-82228-7 |
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