Lipoprotein(a) as a Risk Factor for Recurrent Acute Myocardial Infarction and Mortality: Insights from Routine Clinical Practice

Background: Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a well-established risk factor for incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular (CV) disease. However, evidence regarding its association with recurrent events is limited. To address this gap, we conducted a retrospective analysis of routine clinical data, focusing o...

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Main Authors: David Šuran, Vojko Kanič, Peter Kokol, Tadej Završnik, Florjan Verhnjak, Bojan Žlahtič, Andreja Sinkovič, Franjo Husam Naji
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Diagnostics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/14/23/2757
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author David Šuran
Vojko Kanič
Peter Kokol
Tadej Završnik
Florjan Verhnjak
Bojan Žlahtič
Andreja Sinkovič
Franjo Husam Naji
author_facet David Šuran
Vojko Kanič
Peter Kokol
Tadej Završnik
Florjan Verhnjak
Bojan Žlahtič
Andreja Sinkovič
Franjo Husam Naji
author_sort David Šuran
collection DOAJ
description Background: Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a well-established risk factor for incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular (CV) disease. However, evidence regarding its association with recurrent events is limited. To address this gap, we conducted a retrospective analysis of routine clinical data, focusing on patients hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) between 2000 and 2022 with available admission Lp(a) results. Methods: Patients were stratified into three groups based on their Lp(a) level (≤50 mg/dL, 51–90 mg/dL, and >90 mg/dL). A multivariable-adjusted Cox regression analysis was performed to assess the associations of Lp(a) with recurrent AMI, CV mortality, and all-cause mortality. Results: A total of 2248 patients (31.5% women), with a mean age of 64.7 ± 12.2 years, were retrospectively followed until 31 December 2022, or death. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for recurrent AMI were 1.01 (<i>p</i> = 0.921) for levels 51–90 mg/dL and 1.51 (<i>p</i> = 0.013) for levels > 90 mg/dL, compared with levels ≤ 50 mg/dL. The corresponding HRs for CV mortality were 1.13 (<i>p</i> = 0.300) and 1.14 (<i>p</i> = 0.348), and those for all-cause mortality were 1.09 (<i>p</i> = 0.310) and 1.20 (<i>p</i> = 0.090), respectively. Stratification by sex and age revealed a significant association of Lp(a) with recurrent AMI only in women aged > 65 years, with adjusted HRs of 2.34 (<i>p</i> = 0.013) for levels 51–90 mg/dL and 3.94 (<i>p</i> < 0.001) for levels > 90 mg/dL, compared with levels ≤ 50 mg/dL. Conclusions: In the presented study, Lp(a) was associated with a significantly higher risk of recurrent AMI only in women aged > 65 years with Lp(a) levels > 50 mg/dL. We found no significant associations between Lp(a) and CV or all-cause mortality.
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spelling doaj-art-861c92b6e52d4aeea654805f3b3f86432024-12-13T16:24:55ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182024-12-011423275710.3390/diagnostics14232757Lipoprotein(a) as a Risk Factor for Recurrent Acute Myocardial Infarction and Mortality: Insights from Routine Clinical PracticeDavid Šuran0Vojko Kanič1Peter Kokol2Tadej Završnik3Florjan Verhnjak4Bojan Žlahtič5Andreja Sinkovič6Franjo Husam Naji7Clinical Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, SloveniaClinical Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, SloveniaFaculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, SloveniaClinical Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, SloveniaClinical Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, SloveniaFaculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 46, 2000 Maribor, SloveniaFaculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, SloveniaClinical Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, SloveniaBackground: Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a well-established risk factor for incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular (CV) disease. However, evidence regarding its association with recurrent events is limited. To address this gap, we conducted a retrospective analysis of routine clinical data, focusing on patients hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) between 2000 and 2022 with available admission Lp(a) results. Methods: Patients were stratified into three groups based on their Lp(a) level (≤50 mg/dL, 51–90 mg/dL, and >90 mg/dL). A multivariable-adjusted Cox regression analysis was performed to assess the associations of Lp(a) with recurrent AMI, CV mortality, and all-cause mortality. Results: A total of 2248 patients (31.5% women), with a mean age of 64.7 ± 12.2 years, were retrospectively followed until 31 December 2022, or death. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for recurrent AMI were 1.01 (<i>p</i> = 0.921) for levels 51–90 mg/dL and 1.51 (<i>p</i> = 0.013) for levels > 90 mg/dL, compared with levels ≤ 50 mg/dL. The corresponding HRs for CV mortality were 1.13 (<i>p</i> = 0.300) and 1.14 (<i>p</i> = 0.348), and those for all-cause mortality were 1.09 (<i>p</i> = 0.310) and 1.20 (<i>p</i> = 0.090), respectively. Stratification by sex and age revealed a significant association of Lp(a) with recurrent AMI only in women aged > 65 years, with adjusted HRs of 2.34 (<i>p</i> = 0.013) for levels 51–90 mg/dL and 3.94 (<i>p</i> < 0.001) for levels > 90 mg/dL, compared with levels ≤ 50 mg/dL. Conclusions: In the presented study, Lp(a) was associated with a significantly higher risk of recurrent AMI only in women aged > 65 years with Lp(a) levels > 50 mg/dL. We found no significant associations between Lp(a) and CV or all-cause mortality.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/14/23/2757lipoprotein(a)risk factoracute myocardial infarctioncardiovascular mortalityall-cause mortalitywomen
spellingShingle David Šuran
Vojko Kanič
Peter Kokol
Tadej Završnik
Florjan Verhnjak
Bojan Žlahtič
Andreja Sinkovič
Franjo Husam Naji
Lipoprotein(a) as a Risk Factor for Recurrent Acute Myocardial Infarction and Mortality: Insights from Routine Clinical Practice
Diagnostics
lipoprotein(a)
risk factor
acute myocardial infarction
cardiovascular mortality
all-cause mortality
women
title Lipoprotein(a) as a Risk Factor for Recurrent Acute Myocardial Infarction and Mortality: Insights from Routine Clinical Practice
title_full Lipoprotein(a) as a Risk Factor for Recurrent Acute Myocardial Infarction and Mortality: Insights from Routine Clinical Practice
title_fullStr Lipoprotein(a) as a Risk Factor for Recurrent Acute Myocardial Infarction and Mortality: Insights from Routine Clinical Practice
title_full_unstemmed Lipoprotein(a) as a Risk Factor for Recurrent Acute Myocardial Infarction and Mortality: Insights from Routine Clinical Practice
title_short Lipoprotein(a) as a Risk Factor for Recurrent Acute Myocardial Infarction and Mortality: Insights from Routine Clinical Practice
title_sort lipoprotein a as a risk factor for recurrent acute myocardial infarction and mortality insights from routine clinical practice
topic lipoprotein(a)
risk factor
acute myocardial infarction
cardiovascular mortality
all-cause mortality
women
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/14/23/2757
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