Calculation method of impingement depth and multiple objective optimizations of nozzle layout for aviation gears considering windage

Abstract As the rotating speed of aviation gears becomes higher and higher, the influence of windage resistance on jet streamline must be considered in lubrication system design. To provide theoretical guidance for nozzle layout, an analytical model to calculate the windage impingement depth of gear...

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Main Authors: Linlin Li, Yuanjun Ye, Yuzhong Zhang, Kai Zhao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01145-5
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author Linlin Li
Yuanjun Ye
Yuzhong Zhang
Kai Zhao
author_facet Linlin Li
Yuanjun Ye
Yuzhong Zhang
Kai Zhao
author_sort Linlin Li
collection DOAJ
description Abstract As the rotating speed of aviation gears becomes higher and higher, the influence of windage resistance on jet streamline must be considered in lubrication system design. To provide theoretical guidance for nozzle layout, an analytical model to calculate the windage impingement depth of gears is proposed. To obtain the best oil jet lubrication effect, the multi-objective optimization design method of oil jet streamline layout parameters with the largest impingement depth and the smallest impingement depth difference between two gears was proposed. CFD simulation analysis of flow field around gears are conducted to study the influence of jet nozzle layout parameters on the oil distribution and oil pressure. The results show that: the modulus and transmission ratio mainly affect the value range of oil jet streamline offset, and the correlation is positive. With the increase of inclination angle and initial offset, the impingement depth of the two gears is negatively correlated. The optimized oil jet streamline layout parameters of the case in the article are S = 0.53 mm, β = 4.6°, and the impingement depth difference between the two wheels of the gear pair after optimization is reduced by more than 50.3%. Calculation results are consistent with CFD, which validates the effectiveness and accuracy of the model. This research provides a design theory and method for the selection of oil lubrication parameters for aviation high-speed and heavy-load aviation gears.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2045-2322
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
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series Scientific Reports
spelling doaj-art-860c7ee7326a4cfd871e6a743e6f3fce2025-08-20T03:53:58ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111910.1038/s41598-025-01145-5Calculation method of impingement depth and multiple objective optimizations of nozzle layout for aviation gears considering windageLinlin Li0Yuanjun Ye1Yuzhong Zhang2Kai Zhao3Xi’an Aeronautical Polytechnic InstituteNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an Aeronautical Polytechnic InstituteXi’an Aeronautical Polytechnic InstituteAbstract As the rotating speed of aviation gears becomes higher and higher, the influence of windage resistance on jet streamline must be considered in lubrication system design. To provide theoretical guidance for nozzle layout, an analytical model to calculate the windage impingement depth of gears is proposed. To obtain the best oil jet lubrication effect, the multi-objective optimization design method of oil jet streamline layout parameters with the largest impingement depth and the smallest impingement depth difference between two gears was proposed. CFD simulation analysis of flow field around gears are conducted to study the influence of jet nozzle layout parameters on the oil distribution and oil pressure. The results show that: the modulus and transmission ratio mainly affect the value range of oil jet streamline offset, and the correlation is positive. With the increase of inclination angle and initial offset, the impingement depth of the two gears is negatively correlated. The optimized oil jet streamline layout parameters of the case in the article are S = 0.53 mm, β = 4.6°, and the impingement depth difference between the two wheels of the gear pair after optimization is reduced by more than 50.3%. Calculation results are consistent with CFD, which validates the effectiveness and accuracy of the model. This research provides a design theory and method for the selection of oil lubrication parameters for aviation high-speed and heavy-load aviation gears.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01145-5Aviation gearOil jet lubricationAnalysis modelWindage impingement depthMulti-objective optimization
spellingShingle Linlin Li
Yuanjun Ye
Yuzhong Zhang
Kai Zhao
Calculation method of impingement depth and multiple objective optimizations of nozzle layout for aviation gears considering windage
Scientific Reports
Aviation gear
Oil jet lubrication
Analysis model
Windage impingement depth
Multi-objective optimization
title Calculation method of impingement depth and multiple objective optimizations of nozzle layout for aviation gears considering windage
title_full Calculation method of impingement depth and multiple objective optimizations of nozzle layout for aviation gears considering windage
title_fullStr Calculation method of impingement depth and multiple objective optimizations of nozzle layout for aviation gears considering windage
title_full_unstemmed Calculation method of impingement depth and multiple objective optimizations of nozzle layout for aviation gears considering windage
title_short Calculation method of impingement depth and multiple objective optimizations of nozzle layout for aviation gears considering windage
title_sort calculation method of impingement depth and multiple objective optimizations of nozzle layout for aviation gears considering windage
topic Aviation gear
Oil jet lubrication
Analysis model
Windage impingement depth
Multi-objective optimization
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01145-5
work_keys_str_mv AT linlinli calculationmethodofimpingementdepthandmultipleobjectiveoptimizationsofnozzlelayoutforaviationgearsconsideringwindage
AT yuanjunye calculationmethodofimpingementdepthandmultipleobjectiveoptimizationsofnozzlelayoutforaviationgearsconsideringwindage
AT yuzhongzhang calculationmethodofimpingementdepthandmultipleobjectiveoptimizationsofnozzlelayoutforaviationgearsconsideringwindage
AT kaizhao calculationmethodofimpingementdepthandmultipleobjectiveoptimizationsofnozzlelayoutforaviationgearsconsideringwindage