African Schistosomiasis: A Framework of Indicators Assessing the Transmission Risk and Intervention Effectiveness
Schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease with a complex transmission mechanism, requiring a snail intermediate host, is influenced by biology, the environment, human behavior and the prevailing socioeconomic situation. This study aimed to systematically investigate the importance and feasibility of indi...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-11-01
|
| Series: | Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/9/11/275 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1846152354533998592 |
|---|---|
| author | Hong-Mei Li Nicholas Midzi Masceline Jenipher Mutsaka-Makuvaza Zhi-Qiang Qin Shan Lv Shang Xia Ying-Jun Qian Robert Berquist Xiao-Nong Zhou |
| author_facet | Hong-Mei Li Nicholas Midzi Masceline Jenipher Mutsaka-Makuvaza Zhi-Qiang Qin Shan Lv Shang Xia Ying-Jun Qian Robert Berquist Xiao-Nong Zhou |
| author_sort | Hong-Mei Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease with a complex transmission mechanism, requiring a snail intermediate host, is influenced by biology, the environment, human behavior and the prevailing socioeconomic situation. This study aimed to systematically investigate the importance and feasibility of indicators related to the factors influencing transmission and intervention measures for <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> and <i>S. haematobium</i>. Based on a literature review and group discussions according to the Delphi method, a framework questionnaire was designed. A total of 33 experts on schistosomiasis were invited, and 27 were accepted, to rate the importance and feasibility of indicators for transmission with and the control of schistosomiasis, with a focus on intervention measures for <i>S. mansoni</i> and <i>S. haematobium</i> infections in Zimbabwe. After two rounds of Delphi consultations with these experts, calculated to have a high average authority coefficient (0.88), a consensus was reached on a framework that included 2 primary, 6 secondary and 39 tertiary indicators. The Delphi–entropy method was applied to assess the weight of each indicator. The key influencing factors included hazardous water exposure, accessibility to safe drinking water, sanitary facilities and the contamination of water bodies by outdoor defecation/urinary habits. The intervention measures involved improved diagnostics, health education, preventive chemotherapy, the presence of national control plans and the implementation of the strategy on water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). While these factors are already well known, their detailed order of importance could help to improve the allocation of specific control efforts. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-85df6eb2f00545fb83f1dee6f330116c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2414-6366 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease |
| spelling | doaj-art-85df6eb2f00545fb83f1dee6f330116c2024-11-26T18:24:16ZengMDPI AGTropical Medicine and Infectious Disease2414-63662024-11-0191127510.3390/tropicalmed9110275African Schistosomiasis: A Framework of Indicators Assessing the Transmission Risk and Intervention EffectivenessHong-Mei Li0Nicholas Midzi1Masceline Jenipher Mutsaka-Makuvaza2Zhi-Qiang Qin3Shan Lv4Shang Xia5Ying-Jun Qian6Robert Berquist7Xiao-Nong Zhou8National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Shanghai 200025, ChinaNational Institute of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Child Care, Harare P.O. Box CY 573, ZimbabweNational Institute of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Child Care, Harare P.O. Box CY 573, ZimbabweNational Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Shanghai 200025, ChinaNational Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Shanghai 200025, ChinaNational Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Shanghai 200025, ChinaNational Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Shanghai 200025, ChinaGeospatial Health, Ingerod 407, SE-454 94 Brastad, SwedenNational Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Shanghai 200025, ChinaSchistosomiasis, a parasitic disease with a complex transmission mechanism, requiring a snail intermediate host, is influenced by biology, the environment, human behavior and the prevailing socioeconomic situation. This study aimed to systematically investigate the importance and feasibility of indicators related to the factors influencing transmission and intervention measures for <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> and <i>S. haematobium</i>. Based on a literature review and group discussions according to the Delphi method, a framework questionnaire was designed. A total of 33 experts on schistosomiasis were invited, and 27 were accepted, to rate the importance and feasibility of indicators for transmission with and the control of schistosomiasis, with a focus on intervention measures for <i>S. mansoni</i> and <i>S. haematobium</i> infections in Zimbabwe. After two rounds of Delphi consultations with these experts, calculated to have a high average authority coefficient (0.88), a consensus was reached on a framework that included 2 primary, 6 secondary and 39 tertiary indicators. The Delphi–entropy method was applied to assess the weight of each indicator. The key influencing factors included hazardous water exposure, accessibility to safe drinking water, sanitary facilities and the contamination of water bodies by outdoor defecation/urinary habits. The intervention measures involved improved diagnostics, health education, preventive chemotherapy, the presence of national control plans and the implementation of the strategy on water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). While these factors are already well known, their detailed order of importance could help to improve the allocation of specific control efforts.https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/9/11/275schistosomiasisinfluencing factorsintervention measuresindicatorDelphi methodentropy method |
| spellingShingle | Hong-Mei Li Nicholas Midzi Masceline Jenipher Mutsaka-Makuvaza Zhi-Qiang Qin Shan Lv Shang Xia Ying-Jun Qian Robert Berquist Xiao-Nong Zhou African Schistosomiasis: A Framework of Indicators Assessing the Transmission Risk and Intervention Effectiveness Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease schistosomiasis influencing factors intervention measures indicator Delphi method entropy method |
| title | African Schistosomiasis: A Framework of Indicators Assessing the Transmission Risk and Intervention Effectiveness |
| title_full | African Schistosomiasis: A Framework of Indicators Assessing the Transmission Risk and Intervention Effectiveness |
| title_fullStr | African Schistosomiasis: A Framework of Indicators Assessing the Transmission Risk and Intervention Effectiveness |
| title_full_unstemmed | African Schistosomiasis: A Framework of Indicators Assessing the Transmission Risk and Intervention Effectiveness |
| title_short | African Schistosomiasis: A Framework of Indicators Assessing the Transmission Risk and Intervention Effectiveness |
| title_sort | african schistosomiasis a framework of indicators assessing the transmission risk and intervention effectiveness |
| topic | schistosomiasis influencing factors intervention measures indicator Delphi method entropy method |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/9/11/275 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hongmeili africanschistosomiasisaframeworkofindicatorsassessingthetransmissionriskandinterventioneffectiveness AT nicholasmidzi africanschistosomiasisaframeworkofindicatorsassessingthetransmissionriskandinterventioneffectiveness AT mascelinejeniphermutsakamakuvaza africanschistosomiasisaframeworkofindicatorsassessingthetransmissionriskandinterventioneffectiveness AT zhiqiangqin africanschistosomiasisaframeworkofindicatorsassessingthetransmissionriskandinterventioneffectiveness AT shanlv africanschistosomiasisaframeworkofindicatorsassessingthetransmissionriskandinterventioneffectiveness AT shangxia africanschistosomiasisaframeworkofindicatorsassessingthetransmissionriskandinterventioneffectiveness AT yingjunqian africanschistosomiasisaframeworkofindicatorsassessingthetransmissionriskandinterventioneffectiveness AT robertberquist africanschistosomiasisaframeworkofindicatorsassessingthetransmissionriskandinterventioneffectiveness AT xiaonongzhou africanschistosomiasisaframeworkofindicatorsassessingthetransmissionriskandinterventioneffectiveness |