Comparison of the sequences of the viral capsid protein 1 and viral capsid protein 2 encoded genes in symptomatic and asymptomatic cases of canine parvovirus 2 in dogs
Background and Aim: Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) is a highly contagious virus that infects wild and domestic canines. Despite the use of a routine vaccination protocol, it is endemic in Iraq. The genetic drift of CPV-2 is a major issue worldwide because it abrogates virus control. In Iraq, there is a...
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Veterinary World
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Veterinary World |
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| Online Access: | https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.18/January-2025/2.pdf |
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| author | Mohammed Al-Saadi Amer Nubgan Ali Hadi Abbas |
| author_facet | Mohammed Al-Saadi Amer Nubgan Ali Hadi Abbas |
| author_sort | Mohammed Al-Saadi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background and Aim: Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) is a highly contagious virus that infects wild and domestic canines. Despite the use of a routine vaccination protocol, it is endemic in Iraq. The genetic drift of CPV-2 is a major issue worldwide because it abrogates virus control. In Iraq, there is a knowledge gap regarding the genetic sequences of asymptomatic and symptomatic CPV-2 cases. Therefore, this study aimed to perform a genetic analysis of viral capsid protein 1 (VP1) and viral capsid protein 2 (VP2), two major capsid-encoding genes, to demonstrate the possible role of certain mutations in triggering infection.
Materials and Methods: Symptomatic and asymptomatic cases (n = 100/each) were tested by a polymerase chain reaction targeting VP1 and VP2 genes.
Results: The analysis revealed numerous synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations in VP1 and VP2 and in the intergenic sequence.
Conclusion: The study identified significant genetic mutations in VP1, VP2, and the intergenic regions of CPV-2 in symptomatic and asymptomatic cases in Iraq. These mutations may contribute to the virus’s ability to evade control measures such as vaccination. These findings indicate that CPV-2 polymorphisms can influence the clinical state of the disease and/or trigger infection. Understanding these genetic variations provides critical insights into CPV-2 pathogenesis and could inform improved vaccination strategies to mitigate the virus’s impact in endemic regions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-85d2b630473d49df9250ea5b68726287 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0972-8988 2231-0916 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Veterinary World |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary World |
| spelling | doaj-art-85d2b630473d49df9250ea5b687262872025-01-16T12:59:05ZengVeterinary WorldVeterinary World0972-89882231-09162025-01-0118181410.14202/vetworld.2025.8-14Comparison of the sequences of the viral capsid protein 1 and viral capsid protein 2 encoded genes in symptomatic and asymptomatic cases of canine parvovirus 2 in dogsMohammed Al-Saadi0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2751-862XAmer Nubgan1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7491-1331Ali Hadi Abbas2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2694-730XDepartment of Internal and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq.Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, 10071, Iraq.Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kufa, 54003, Najaf, Iraq.Background and Aim: Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) is a highly contagious virus that infects wild and domestic canines. Despite the use of a routine vaccination protocol, it is endemic in Iraq. The genetic drift of CPV-2 is a major issue worldwide because it abrogates virus control. In Iraq, there is a knowledge gap regarding the genetic sequences of asymptomatic and symptomatic CPV-2 cases. Therefore, this study aimed to perform a genetic analysis of viral capsid protein 1 (VP1) and viral capsid protein 2 (VP2), two major capsid-encoding genes, to demonstrate the possible role of certain mutations in triggering infection. Materials and Methods: Symptomatic and asymptomatic cases (n = 100/each) were tested by a polymerase chain reaction targeting VP1 and VP2 genes. Results: The analysis revealed numerous synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations in VP1 and VP2 and in the intergenic sequence. Conclusion: The study identified significant genetic mutations in VP1, VP2, and the intergenic regions of CPV-2 in symptomatic and asymptomatic cases in Iraq. These mutations may contribute to the virus’s ability to evade control measures such as vaccination. These findings indicate that CPV-2 polymorphisms can influence the clinical state of the disease and/or trigger infection. Understanding these genetic variations provides critical insights into CPV-2 pathogenesis and could inform improved vaccination strategies to mitigate the virus’s impact in endemic regions.https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.18/January-2025/2.pdfcanine parvovirus-2capsid encoded genesmutations |
| spellingShingle | Mohammed Al-Saadi Amer Nubgan Ali Hadi Abbas Comparison of the sequences of the viral capsid protein 1 and viral capsid protein 2 encoded genes in symptomatic and asymptomatic cases of canine parvovirus 2 in dogs Veterinary World canine parvovirus-2 capsid encoded genes mutations |
| title | Comparison of the sequences of the viral capsid protein 1 and viral capsid protein 2 encoded genes in symptomatic and asymptomatic cases of canine parvovirus 2 in dogs |
| title_full | Comparison of the sequences of the viral capsid protein 1 and viral capsid protein 2 encoded genes in symptomatic and asymptomatic cases of canine parvovirus 2 in dogs |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of the sequences of the viral capsid protein 1 and viral capsid protein 2 encoded genes in symptomatic and asymptomatic cases of canine parvovirus 2 in dogs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of the sequences of the viral capsid protein 1 and viral capsid protein 2 encoded genes in symptomatic and asymptomatic cases of canine parvovirus 2 in dogs |
| title_short | Comparison of the sequences of the viral capsid protein 1 and viral capsid protein 2 encoded genes in symptomatic and asymptomatic cases of canine parvovirus 2 in dogs |
| title_sort | comparison of the sequences of the viral capsid protein 1 and viral capsid protein 2 encoded genes in symptomatic and asymptomatic cases of canine parvovirus 2 in dogs |
| topic | canine parvovirus-2 capsid encoded genes mutations |
| url | https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.18/January-2025/2.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mohammedalsaadi comparisonofthesequencesoftheviralcapsidprotein1andviralcapsidprotein2encodedgenesinsymptomaticandasymptomaticcasesofcanineparvovirus2indogs AT amernubgan comparisonofthesequencesoftheviralcapsidprotein1andviralcapsidprotein2encodedgenesinsymptomaticandasymptomaticcasesofcanineparvovirus2indogs AT alihadiabbas comparisonofthesequencesoftheviralcapsidprotein1andviralcapsidprotein2encodedgenesinsymptomaticandasymptomaticcasesofcanineparvovirus2indogs |