Investigation of Convective and Radiative Heat Transfer of 21700 Lithium-Ion Battery Cells

Due to their high energy density and power potential, 21700 lithium-ion battery cells are a widely used technology in hybrid and electric vehicles. Efficient thermal management is essential for maximizing the performance and capacity of Li-ion cells in both low- and high-temperature operating condit...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Gábor Kovács, Szabolcs Kocsis Szürke, Szabolcs Fischer
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Batteries
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/11/7/246
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849246333022502912
author Gábor Kovács
Szabolcs Kocsis Szürke
Szabolcs Fischer
author_facet Gábor Kovács
Szabolcs Kocsis Szürke
Szabolcs Fischer
author_sort Gábor Kovács
collection DOAJ
description Due to their high energy density and power potential, 21700 lithium-ion battery cells are a widely used technology in hybrid and electric vehicles. Efficient thermal management is essential for maximizing the performance and capacity of Li-ion cells in both low- and high-temperature operating conditions. Optimizing thermal management systems remains critical, particularly for long-range and weight-sensitive applications. In these contexts, passive heat dissipation emerges as an ideal solution, offering effective thermal regulation with minimal additional system weight. This study aims to deepen the understanding of passive heat dissipation in 21700 battery cells and optimize their performance. Special emphasis is placed on analyzing heat transfer and the relative contributions of convective and radiative mechanisms under varying temperature and discharge conditions. Laboratory experiments were conducted under controlled environmental conditions at various discharge rates, ranging from 0.5×C to 5×C. A 3D-printed polymer casing was applied to the cell to enhance thermal dissipation, designed specifically to increase radiative heat transfer while minimizing system weight and reliance on active cooling solutions. Additionally, a numerical model was developed and optimized using experimental data. This model simulates convective and radiative heat transfer mechanisms with minimal computational demand. The optimized numerical model is intended to facilitate further investigation of the cell envelope strategy at the module and battery pack levels in future studies.
format Article
id doaj-art-85aad1a3806a4146b9854e42a06565da
institution Kabale University
issn 2313-0105
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Batteries
spelling doaj-art-85aad1a3806a4146b9854e42a06565da2025-08-20T03:58:31ZengMDPI AGBatteries2313-01052025-06-0111724610.3390/batteries11070246Investigation of Convective and Radiative Heat Transfer of 21700 Lithium-Ion Battery CellsGábor Kovács0Szabolcs Kocsis Szürke1Szabolcs Fischer2Central Campus Győr, Széchenyi István University, H-9026 Győr, HungaryCentral Campus Győr, Széchenyi István University, H-9026 Győr, HungaryCentral Campus Győr, Széchenyi István University, H-9026 Győr, HungaryDue to their high energy density and power potential, 21700 lithium-ion battery cells are a widely used technology in hybrid and electric vehicles. Efficient thermal management is essential for maximizing the performance and capacity of Li-ion cells in both low- and high-temperature operating conditions. Optimizing thermal management systems remains critical, particularly for long-range and weight-sensitive applications. In these contexts, passive heat dissipation emerges as an ideal solution, offering effective thermal regulation with minimal additional system weight. This study aims to deepen the understanding of passive heat dissipation in 21700 battery cells and optimize their performance. Special emphasis is placed on analyzing heat transfer and the relative contributions of convective and radiative mechanisms under varying temperature and discharge conditions. Laboratory experiments were conducted under controlled environmental conditions at various discharge rates, ranging from 0.5×C to 5×C. A 3D-printed polymer casing was applied to the cell to enhance thermal dissipation, designed specifically to increase radiative heat transfer while minimizing system weight and reliance on active cooling solutions. Additionally, a numerical model was developed and optimized using experimental data. This model simulates convective and radiative heat transfer mechanisms with minimal computational demand. The optimized numerical model is intended to facilitate further investigation of the cell envelope strategy at the module and battery pack levels in future studies.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/11/7/246Li-ion batterythermal managementthermal modelingradiationconvectionCFD
spellingShingle Gábor Kovács
Szabolcs Kocsis Szürke
Szabolcs Fischer
Investigation of Convective and Radiative Heat Transfer of 21700 Lithium-Ion Battery Cells
Batteries
Li-ion battery
thermal management
thermal modeling
radiation
convection
CFD
title Investigation of Convective and Radiative Heat Transfer of 21700 Lithium-Ion Battery Cells
title_full Investigation of Convective and Radiative Heat Transfer of 21700 Lithium-Ion Battery Cells
title_fullStr Investigation of Convective and Radiative Heat Transfer of 21700 Lithium-Ion Battery Cells
title_full_unstemmed Investigation of Convective and Radiative Heat Transfer of 21700 Lithium-Ion Battery Cells
title_short Investigation of Convective and Radiative Heat Transfer of 21700 Lithium-Ion Battery Cells
title_sort investigation of convective and radiative heat transfer of 21700 lithium ion battery cells
topic Li-ion battery
thermal management
thermal modeling
radiation
convection
CFD
url https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/11/7/246
work_keys_str_mv AT gaborkovacs investigationofconvectiveandradiativeheattransferof21700lithiumionbatterycells
AT szabolcskocsisszurke investigationofconvectiveandradiativeheattransferof21700lithiumionbatterycells
AT szabolcsfischer investigationofconvectiveandradiativeheattransferof21700lithiumionbatterycells