Plasma activated PVDF-BaTiO3 composite nanofiber scaffolds loaded with vancomycin for enhancing biocompatibility and piezoelectric response

Abstract Scaffolds engineered with piezoelectric properties offer a promising strategy for enhancing bone regeneration by converting mechanical stimuli into electrical cues that promote osteogenic activity. In this study, drug-loaded piezoelectric nanofiber scaffolds composed of polyvinylidene fluor...

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Main Authors: Vida Fathollahzadeh, Mehdi Khodaei, Sara Emadi, Kamal Hajisharifi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14391-4
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author Vida Fathollahzadeh
Mehdi Khodaei
Sara Emadi
Kamal Hajisharifi
author_facet Vida Fathollahzadeh
Mehdi Khodaei
Sara Emadi
Kamal Hajisharifi
author_sort Vida Fathollahzadeh
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Scaffolds engineered with piezoelectric properties offer a promising strategy for enhancing bone regeneration by converting mechanical stimuli into electrical cues that promote osteogenic activity. In this study, drug-loaded piezoelectric nanofiber scaffolds composed of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and varying concentrations of nano-sized barium titanate (BaTiO3; BTO) were fabricated and evaluated for their mechanical, piezoelectric, antibacterial, and biological performance. Nanofiber scaffolds containing β-phase polyvinylidene fluoride were produced via electrospinning, where the incorporation of barium titanate nanoceramics as nucleating agents, combined with simultaneous stretching and high-voltage application, promoted β-phase formation. This process enhanced the piezoelectric behavior of polyvinylidene fluoride, with the highest output voltage (1.56 mV) observed in scaffolds containing 15 wt% barium titanates. Cold plasma treatment was employed to improve nanofiber hydrophilicity, enhancing scaffold wettability and bioactivity. Vancomycin-loaded scaffolds demonstrated sustained drug release, effective antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and controlled biodegradability. Mechanical testing revealed that barium titanate addition up to 10 wt% improved tensile strength and stress transfer capacity, while higher loading (> 10 wt%) resulted in nanoparticle aggregation and reduced mechanical performance. In vitro assays confirmed scaffold biocompatibility, supporting cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. These multifunctional polyvinylidene fluoride nanocomposites with barium titanate particles offer a promising platform for bone tissue engineering by integrating mechanical stimulation, drug delivery, and cellular support.
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spelling doaj-art-8573a5622e5d4d2db3b51a092083fdfc2025-08-20T03:46:08ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115111510.1038/s41598-025-14391-4Plasma activated PVDF-BaTiO3 composite nanofiber scaffolds loaded with vancomycin for enhancing biocompatibility and piezoelectric responseVida Fathollahzadeh0Mehdi Khodaei1Sara Emadi2Kamal Hajisharifi3Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of TechnologyFaculty of Materials Science and Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of TechnologyDepartment of Physics and Institute for Plasma Research, Kharazmi UniversityDepartment of Physics and Institute for Plasma Research, Kharazmi UniversityAbstract Scaffolds engineered with piezoelectric properties offer a promising strategy for enhancing bone regeneration by converting mechanical stimuli into electrical cues that promote osteogenic activity. In this study, drug-loaded piezoelectric nanofiber scaffolds composed of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and varying concentrations of nano-sized barium titanate (BaTiO3; BTO) were fabricated and evaluated for their mechanical, piezoelectric, antibacterial, and biological performance. Nanofiber scaffolds containing β-phase polyvinylidene fluoride were produced via electrospinning, where the incorporation of barium titanate nanoceramics as nucleating agents, combined with simultaneous stretching and high-voltage application, promoted β-phase formation. This process enhanced the piezoelectric behavior of polyvinylidene fluoride, with the highest output voltage (1.56 mV) observed in scaffolds containing 15 wt% barium titanates. Cold plasma treatment was employed to improve nanofiber hydrophilicity, enhancing scaffold wettability and bioactivity. Vancomycin-loaded scaffolds demonstrated sustained drug release, effective antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and controlled biodegradability. Mechanical testing revealed that barium titanate addition up to 10 wt% improved tensile strength and stress transfer capacity, while higher loading (> 10 wt%) resulted in nanoparticle aggregation and reduced mechanical performance. In vitro assays confirmed scaffold biocompatibility, supporting cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. These multifunctional polyvinylidene fluoride nanocomposites with barium titanate particles offer a promising platform for bone tissue engineering by integrating mechanical stimulation, drug delivery, and cellular support.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14391-4ElectrospinningPoly vinylidene fluoride (PVDF)Barium titanate (BaTiO3; BTO)Bone scaffoldVancomycinCold plasma treatment
spellingShingle Vida Fathollahzadeh
Mehdi Khodaei
Sara Emadi
Kamal Hajisharifi
Plasma activated PVDF-BaTiO3 composite nanofiber scaffolds loaded with vancomycin for enhancing biocompatibility and piezoelectric response
Scientific Reports
Electrospinning
Poly vinylidene fluoride (PVDF)
Barium titanate (BaTiO3; BTO)
Bone scaffold
Vancomycin
Cold plasma treatment
title Plasma activated PVDF-BaTiO3 composite nanofiber scaffolds loaded with vancomycin for enhancing biocompatibility and piezoelectric response
title_full Plasma activated PVDF-BaTiO3 composite nanofiber scaffolds loaded with vancomycin for enhancing biocompatibility and piezoelectric response
title_fullStr Plasma activated PVDF-BaTiO3 composite nanofiber scaffolds loaded with vancomycin for enhancing biocompatibility and piezoelectric response
title_full_unstemmed Plasma activated PVDF-BaTiO3 composite nanofiber scaffolds loaded with vancomycin for enhancing biocompatibility and piezoelectric response
title_short Plasma activated PVDF-BaTiO3 composite nanofiber scaffolds loaded with vancomycin for enhancing biocompatibility and piezoelectric response
title_sort plasma activated pvdf batio3 composite nanofiber scaffolds loaded with vancomycin for enhancing biocompatibility and piezoelectric response
topic Electrospinning
Poly vinylidene fluoride (PVDF)
Barium titanate (BaTiO3; BTO)
Bone scaffold
Vancomycin
Cold plasma treatment
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14391-4
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AT kamalhajisharifi plasmaactivatedpvdfbatio3compositenanofiberscaffoldsloadedwithvancomycinforenhancingbiocompatibilityandpiezoelectricresponse