Effectiveness of HPV vaccine by age at vaccination and number of doses: protocol for a population-based matched case–control study
Introduction In 2006, the first human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in the USA based on pre-licensure clinical trials that found it to be highly efficacious at preventing persistent infection and precancerous, high-grade cervical lesions (HGCLs) caused...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMJ Publishing Group
2021-04-01
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| Series: | BMJ Open |
| Online Access: | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/11/4/e043093.full |
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| author | Carlos R Oliveira Anette Michelle Ortiz Sangini S Sheth Eugene D Shapiro Linda M Niccolai |
| author_facet | Carlos R Oliveira Anette Michelle Ortiz Sangini S Sheth Eugene D Shapiro Linda M Niccolai |
| author_sort | Carlos R Oliveira |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction In 2006, the first human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in the USA based on pre-licensure clinical trials that found it to be highly efficacious at preventing persistent infection and precancerous, high-grade cervical lesions (HGCLs) caused by viral types the vaccine protects against. However, the real-world effectiveness of HPV vaccines as used in clinical practice may be quite different from the efficacy found in pre-licensure clinical trials. More than 10 years have passed since the introduction of the vaccine programme. It is critical to determine if the full benefits of HPV are being realised in real-world settings.Methods and analysis The objectives of this study were to estimate the effectiveness of HPV vaccines as used in real-world clinical settings and to determine the degree to which the vaccine’s effectiveness varies based on age at the time of immunisation and the number of doses received. The study will be a population-based, matched case–control study. Cases will be women with newly diagnosed HGCL associated with HPV types 16 and 18. Matched controls will be women with a normal Pap test result, matched individually to cases in a 2:1 ratio by age, a practice and date of testing. Medical records will be reviewed to determine dates of receipt of the HPV vaccine for all participants. We will use multivariate conditional logistic regression to control for potential confounders.Ethics and dissemination This protocol presents minimal risk to the subjects. This protocol has received approval from the Institutional Review Board of Yale University (HIC: 1502015308), and a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Waiver of Authorisation has been granted to allow investigators to recruit subjects for the study. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed, open-access scientific journals and conference presentations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-84a19fc3ae334dc087f7e04a28e1245a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2044-6055 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMJ Open |
| spelling | doaj-art-84a19fc3ae334dc087f7e04a28e1245a2024-11-18T07:00:08ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552021-04-0111410.1136/bmjopen-2020-043093Effectiveness of HPV vaccine by age at vaccination and number of doses: protocol for a population-based matched case–control studyCarlos R Oliveira0Anette Michelle Ortiz1Sangini S Sheth2Eugene D Shapiro3Linda M Niccolai4Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USAPediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USAObstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USAPediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USAEpidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USAIntroduction In 2006, the first human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in the USA based on pre-licensure clinical trials that found it to be highly efficacious at preventing persistent infection and precancerous, high-grade cervical lesions (HGCLs) caused by viral types the vaccine protects against. However, the real-world effectiveness of HPV vaccines as used in clinical practice may be quite different from the efficacy found in pre-licensure clinical trials. More than 10 years have passed since the introduction of the vaccine programme. It is critical to determine if the full benefits of HPV are being realised in real-world settings.Methods and analysis The objectives of this study were to estimate the effectiveness of HPV vaccines as used in real-world clinical settings and to determine the degree to which the vaccine’s effectiveness varies based on age at the time of immunisation and the number of doses received. The study will be a population-based, matched case–control study. Cases will be women with newly diagnosed HGCL associated with HPV types 16 and 18. Matched controls will be women with a normal Pap test result, matched individually to cases in a 2:1 ratio by age, a practice and date of testing. Medical records will be reviewed to determine dates of receipt of the HPV vaccine for all participants. We will use multivariate conditional logistic regression to control for potential confounders.Ethics and dissemination This protocol presents minimal risk to the subjects. This protocol has received approval from the Institutional Review Board of Yale University (HIC: 1502015308), and a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Waiver of Authorisation has been granted to allow investigators to recruit subjects for the study. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed, open-access scientific journals and conference presentations.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/11/4/e043093.full |
| spellingShingle | Carlos R Oliveira Anette Michelle Ortiz Sangini S Sheth Eugene D Shapiro Linda M Niccolai Effectiveness of HPV vaccine by age at vaccination and number of doses: protocol for a population-based matched case–control study BMJ Open |
| title | Effectiveness of HPV vaccine by age at vaccination and number of doses: protocol for a population-based matched case–control study |
| title_full | Effectiveness of HPV vaccine by age at vaccination and number of doses: protocol for a population-based matched case–control study |
| title_fullStr | Effectiveness of HPV vaccine by age at vaccination and number of doses: protocol for a population-based matched case–control study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effectiveness of HPV vaccine by age at vaccination and number of doses: protocol for a population-based matched case–control study |
| title_short | Effectiveness of HPV vaccine by age at vaccination and number of doses: protocol for a population-based matched case–control study |
| title_sort | effectiveness of hpv vaccine by age at vaccination and number of doses protocol for a population based matched case control study |
| url | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/11/4/e043093.full |
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